(see section "ATTRACTIVE FEATURES" in chapter XIII) 470 PHYSICAL LIBERTY (MCNEIL) 477 MAGNETIC SEPARATOR WORKING ON NEW YORK ORES 487 MINES AND METALLURGY EXHIBIT 495 MINES AND METALLURGY, LIBERAL ARTS, AND LAGOON 500 MACHINERY BUILDING AND LAGOON 507 ANCIENT AND MODERN METHODS OF CARING FOR THE INSANE 515 EXHIBIT OF STATE DEPARTMENT OF PRISONS (see section "STATE DEPARTMENT OF PRISONS" in chapter XV) 523 EXHIBIT OF STATE BOARD OF CHARITIES, CARE OF DESTITUTE ADULTS (see section "STATE BOARD OF CHARITIES" in chapter XV) 528 ON THE PIKE 535 EXHIBIT OF STATE COMMISSION IN LUNACY, HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE (see section "STATE COMMISSION IN LUNACY" in chapter XV) * These photographs are also labelled "Copyright 1903 [or 1904], by Pirie MacDonald, Photographer of Men, N.Y." CHAPTER I Introduction and Historical Sketch HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE [ILLUSTRATION] The Louisiana Purchase Exposition was held in the city of St. Louis in 1904, in commemoration of the acquisition in 1803 of the vast territory west of the Mississippi, then called Louisiana. The transfer is generally regarded as one of the most important events in our national history and stands on record as the greatest acquisition of territory ever made by peaceful methods. An American historian of great prominence says: "The annexation of Louisiana was an event so portentous as to defy measurement; it gave a new face to politics and ranked in historical importance next to the Declaration of Independence and the adoption of the Constitution." The territory was ceded to France by Spain by the secret treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800. This aroused to intense excitement the people of the West, who were inclined to give credit to the rumor that the army of forty thousand men sent by Napoleon (who was responsible for the negotiation of that treaty) were in reality to take military possession of Louisiana and the Floridas instead of to suppress the insurrection in San Domingo, the ostensible object. France and England had been struggling for many years for supremacy in the Western Continent, and in the possession of this vast territory Napoleon foresaw a prosperous New France. But there were many complications arising at home. Important political questions demanded attention, and the great Napoleon soon realized that he could not hope to cope successfully with the two great problems lying at such a great distance apart. NEGOTIATIONS FOR TRANSFER OF TERRITORY At that time our country was interested in procuring possession of the site of New Orleans and the free passage of the Mississippi river forever for all American citizens, and negotiations were opened for their purchase by Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence, and at that time third President of the United States.