New York Times Current History: The European War from the Beginning to March 1915, Vol 1, No. 2: Who Began the War, and Why?Various
History
New York Times Current History: The European War from the Beginning to March 1915, Vol 1, No. 2: Who Began the War, and Why?
Various
World War, 1914-1918
The documents reproduced in the "White Paper" do not begin until July
20, and only a few introductory dispatches before the 24th are given.
The first of the very important reports of the British Ambassador at St.
Petersburg, Sir George Buchanan, to the Secretary of State, Grey, is
dated on that day; on the same day the note addressed by Austria-Hungary
to the Servian Government had been brought to the knowledge of the
European Cabinets, and the British Ambassador conferred with the Russian
Minister of Foreign Affairs, M. Sazonof, over this matter. The French
Minister also took part in this conference. When the latter and M.
Sazonof, in the most insistent way, tried to prove to Buchanan that
England, together with Russia and France, must assume a threatening
attitude toward Austria-Hungary and Germany, the British Ambassador
replied:
I said that I would telegraph a full report to you of what their
Excellencies had just said to me. I could not, of course, speak in
the name of his Majesty's Government, but personally I saw no
reason to expect any declaration of solidarity from his Majesty's
Government that would entail an unconditional engagement on their
part to support Russia and France by force of arms. Direct British
interests in Servia were nil, and a war on behalf of that country
would never be sanctioned by British public opinion.--(British
"White Paper" No. 6.)
The British Ambassador thereupon asked the question whether Russia was
thinking of eventually declaring war on Austria. The following was the
answer:
M. Sazonof said that he himself thought that Russian mobilization
would at any rate have to be carried out; but a council of
Ministers was being held this afternoon to consider the whole
question....
The dispatch continues:
French Ambassador and M. Sazonof both continue to press me for a
declaration of complete solidarity of his Majesty's Government with
French and Russian Governments.... (British "White Paper" No. 6.)
This shows plainly that the Russian mobilization must have been planned
even before July 24, for otherwise M. Sazonof could not have spoken of
the necessity of carrying it through.
It is furthermore very remarkable that the Russian Minister on this
early day spoke of the mobilization in general and not of the partial
mobilization against Austria-Hungary.
Finally we find that the British Government was fully informed at the
very latest on July 24--it may have had before it previous documents,
but they are not contained in the "White Paper"--concerning Russian
mobilization and thereby the development of Russian and French politics
that had to be anticipated.
Russian Aggression.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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