it is difficult to make it clear, and in our striving for a new word with which to express this new and important sentiment, we are driven to the rather absurd phrase of “cosmic patriotism.” Whatever it may be called, it may yet be strong enough to move masses of men out of their narrow national considerations and cautions into new reaches of human effort and affection. Religion has long ago taught that only as the individual can establish a sense of union with a power for righteousness not himself, can he experience peace; and it may be possible that the nations will be called to a similar experience. The International Peace Conference held in Boston in 1904 was opened by a huge meeting in which men of influence and modern thought from four continents, gave reasons for their belief in the passing of war. But none was so modern, so fundamental and so trenchant, as the address which was read from the prophet Isaiah. He founded the cause of peace upon the cause of righteousness, not only as expressed in political relations, but also in industrial relations. He contended that peace could be secured only as men abstained from the gains of oppression and responded to the cause of the poor; that swords would finally be beaten into plowshares and pruning-hooks, not because men resolved to be peaceful, but because all the metal of the earth would be turned to its proper use when the poor and their children should be abundantly fed. It was as if the ancient prophet foresaw that under an enlightened industrialism peace would no longer be an absence of war, but the unfolding of world-wide processes making for the nurture of human life. He predicted the moment which has come to us now that peace is no longer an abstract dogma but has become a rising tide of moral enthusiasm slowly engulfing all pride of conquest and making war impossible. FOOTNOTES: [16] Imperialism, by John A. Hobson. Page 128. [17] The Grand Mujik, G. H. Perris. INDEX Altruism, manifestations of, 17; in politics, 48. Anglo-Saxon, temptation to govern all peoples alike, 47; distrust of experiment, 67; individualistic, 68; attitude towards self-government, 112. Arbitration, change in attitude toward, 133; in New Zealand, 134. Aristotle’s ideal of a city, 92. Assimilation, limit to United States power of, 39; workingman’s attitude toward, 94, 117. Bandereff, 234. Bentham, 23. Bloch, Jean de, 4. Booth, Charles, maps of London, 86. Bosanquet, Mrs. Bernard, 116. Buckle, 23. Burns, John, 125. Charity, organization of in New York, 74; modern, democratic and constructive, 79; extension of, 84; and unskilled labor, 152. Chicago Municipal Lodging House, 157. Chicago Federation of Labor, 130, 131.