Newton's Principia : $b The mathematical principles of natural philosophyNewton, Isaac
General
Newton's Principia : $b The mathematical principles of natural philosophy
Newton, Isaac
Celestial mechanics -- Early works to 1800; Mechanics -- Early works to 1800
COR. 13. And since the causes and proportions of the errors and
variations mentioned in these Corollaries do not depend upon the
magnitude of the body S, it follows that all things before demonstrated
will happen, if the magnitude of the body S be imagined so great as
that the system of the two bodies P and T may revolve about it. And
from this increase of the body S, and the consequent increase of its
centripetal force, from which the errors of the body P arise, it will
follow that all these errors, at equal distances, will be greater in
this case, than in the other where the body S revolves about the system
of the bodies P and T.
COR. 14. But since the forces NM, ML, when the body S is exceedingly
distant, are very nearly as the force SK and the ratio PT to ST
conjunctly; that is, if both the distance PT, and the absolute force
of the body S be given, as ST3 reciprocally; and since those forces
NM, ML are the causes of all the errors and effects treated of in the
foregoing Corollaries; it is manifest that all those effects, if the
system of bodies T and P continue as before, and only the distance ST
and the absolute force of the body S be changed, will be very nearly
in a ratio compounded of the direct ratio of the absolute force of the
body S, and the triplicate inverse ratio of the distance ST. Hence if
the system of bodies T and P revolve about a distant body S, those
forces NM, ML, and their effects, will be (by Cor. 2 and 6, Prop. IV)
reciprocally in a duplicate ratio of the periodical time. And thence,
also, if the magnitude of the body S be proportional to its absolute
force, those forces NM, ML, and their effects, will be directly as the
cube of the apparent diameter of the distant body S viewed from T, and
so vice versa. For these ratios are the same as the compounded
ratio above mentioned.
COR. 15. And because if the orbits ESE and PAB, retaining their
figure, proportions, and inclination to each other, should alter their
magnitude; and the forces of the bodies S and T should either remain,
or be changed in any given ratio; these forces (that is, the force of
the body T, which obliges the body P to deflect from a rectilinear
course into the orbit PAB, and the force of the body S, which causes
the body P to deviate from that orbit) would act always in the same
manner, and in the same proportion; it follows, that all the effects
will be similar and proportional, and the times of those effects
proportional also; that is, that all the linear errors will be as the
diameters of the orbits, the angular errors the same as before; and
the times of similar linear errors, or equal angular errors, as the
periodical times of the orbits.
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