Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
The earliest event which we are enabled to make out from the forms of
allegory, by comparison with what happened in other places in Italy, is
a consequence of the continued great movement of the different races.
It did not stop when the Oscans were driven from the Fucinus to the
Alban Lake; it went much farther. The Sabines may have rested for some
time, but they pressed on far beyond the countries of which we have
traditions. They begin as one of the smallest of peoples, and become
afterwards one of the greatest in Italy. The Marrucinians, Caudinians,
Vestinians, Marsians, Pelignians, in short all the Samnite peoples; the
Lucanians, the Oscan part of the Bruttians, the Picenians and others,
have all sprung from the Sabine stock: and yet we have traditions only
about the founding of some of them. This people was down to the period
at which we must fix the foundation of Rome, in a state of expansion.
It is said the Sabines, guided by a bullock, had advanced into Opica,
and had thus founded the country of the Samnites. Yet earlier perhaps,
they had moved down below the Tiber, so that we there find Sabine
towns mixed with Latin ones; and we meet with some of them also on the
banks of the Anio. Into the country of the later Sabines, they in all
likelihood only came subsequently; for Falerii is a Tuscan town, and
certainly its population had once been entirely Tyrrhenian.
At the advance of the Sabines, some of the Latin towns maintained their
ground, others gave way. Fidenæ belongs to the former class: north of
it all is Sabine. Now we find at the side of Old Roma a Sabine town on
the Quirinal and Capitoline, hard by the Latin one; yet the existence
of this town is all that we know of it. A tradition is extant, that
before that there had once been a Siculian town, Saturnia,[55] on the
Capitoline; this then must have been conquered by the Sabines. Whatever
may have been the case with regard to this, and to the existence of an
old town on the Janiculum, there were here a number of small towns. The
two cities could exist together, as there was a deep marsh between them.
The town on the Palatine may have been for a long time dependent on
the Sabine conqueror, who, according to tradition, was Titus Tatius,
and hence it is that his memory has been so hated. He was slain at the
sacrifice of Laurentum. Ennius calls him a tyrant in the well-known
line:
O Tite, tute, Tati, tibi tanta tyranne tulisti.
The existence of a Sabine town on the Quirinal hill is confirmed by
the number of Sabine chapels which undoubtedly stood there, as Varro
still knew, who proved from this fact that the Sabine ritual was
received by the Romans. This Sabine element in the Roman worship has
almost always been mistaken.[56]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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