Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
When the two states amalgamated, after having existed separately
perhaps for ages, the towns ceased to be towns, and the collective
mass of their clans formed itself into tribes. The nation consisted
therefore of two tribes. From the earliest times the style of
addressing the Roman people was, _Populus Romanus Quirites_, out of
which, when the origin was forgotten, _Populus Romanus Quiritium_ was
made; just as _lis vindiciæ_ afterwards was into _lis vindiciarum_.
This change is older than Livy; yet the correct use of the phrase is
still met with in his time, though much encroached upon by the false
one. The old tradition says that the name _Quirites_ had after the
union of the two tribes been adopted as a common one. But this is
false. The name first becomes common at a very late period only. When
for a long time there had been no more difference between Romans and
Sabines, nor between these and the Luceres; and even later, when that
between the patricians and plebeians had become almost wholly extinct,
this denomination still remained, and was transferred to the plebeians.
Thus the two towns stood side by side as tribes (_tribus_), and it is
merely in acknowledgment of the old tradition that we call the Latins
Ramnes, and the Sabines Tities. That the derivation from Romulus and T.
Tatius is incorrect, does not impair the truth of the main assertion.
Dionysius, who had good materials, and made use of very many of
them, must indeed, for the time of the Consuls, have sometimes had
more than he gives; especially concerning one important change in
the constitution, where he has a few words only, and has either
not seen clearly, or has been careless.[58] Yet with regard to the
olden times of the kings he was clear. He says that there had been a
dissension between the two tribes concerning the senates, which Numa
had compromised, by not taking any thing for the Ramnes as the first
tribe, but bestowing honours upon the Tities. This is perfectly plain.
The senate, which at first consisted of one hundred, but now of two,
was divided into ten decuries, each of which had a president. These are
the _decem primi_, and these were taken from the Ramnes. They formed
among themselves the _Collegium_, which, when there was no king, held
the government by rotation; each for five days, yet so that the same
always came back in their turn, as we must correctly assume with Livy.
As for Dionysius, he brings in his Greek notions, taken from the Attic
Prytanies; and Plutarch quite misunderstands the matter.
Not only the senate, but also the augurs and pontiffs, were doubled in
number; so that each college consisted of four members, two of them
from the Ramnes, and two from the Tities. These changes were attached
indeed by Dionysius and Cicero to the names of certain kings; yet this
must not hinder us from acknowledging them as quite historical.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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