Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
If we try to make out the historical substance of these legends, we
come to a period when Rome no longer stands alone, but has already
colonies with Roman settlers, who possess a third of the soil, and
who hold the sway. This is the case with a number of towns, most of
them old Siculian ones. So much is certain, that Alba was destroyed,
and that after its fall, the towns of the Prisci Latini formed an
independent and compact confederacy. How Alba was destroyed is involved
in great obscurity. Whether, as it is said, it was ever forced to
acknowledge the supremacy of Rome; whether it was destroyed by Romans
and Latins combined, or by Latins or Romans alone, are questions
which no human sagacity can solve. The destruction by the Latins
rising against Alba’s superiority is the most probable; but whether in
that case Rome received the Albans into her bosom, will ever remain
uncertain. That Alban clans were settled at Rome we cannot doubt,
as little as that the Prisci Latini from henceforth existed as a
consolidated state. Yet if we consider that Alba lies in the middle of
the Latin country; that the Alban hill was their common sanctuary, the
grove of Ferentina their place of assembly; the greater probability is
this, that Rome did not destroy Alba, but that the latter perished in
the insurrection of the Latin towns, and that the Romans strengthened
themselves by the admission of the Albans.
Whether the Albans first built on the Cælius, is more than we can
ascertain. The account which places the foundation of the town on
the Cælius in the times of Romulus, tends to prove that before the
reception of the Albans, a town already existed here. But what weight
has that account? A third tradition represents it as an Etruscan colony
of Cæles Vibenna.
The destruction of Alba had an extraordinary effect on the greatness of
Rome. At all events there now existed a third town on the Cælius and
part of the Esquiliæ, which seems to have been very populous. Such a
settlement quite close to other towns was made for the sake of mutual
protection. Between the two older towns there was a perpetual marsh and
morass; the Roman town was likewise bordered on its south side by a
piece of stagnant water; but between the third town and Rome there was
dry ground. Rome had also a considerable suburb towards the Aventine,
behind a wall and ditch, as is represented in the legend of Remus. The
latter is a personification of the plebeians: he jumps from the side of
the Aventine over the ditch.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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