Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
The Umbrians may have belonged to the same stock as the Opicans. I
would not lay too great a stress on the resemblance of names; the
races which are nearest akin to each other have very often the most
dissimilar names, and those which are the most remote quite similar
ones. Thus the Getæ and the Goths were for a long time mistaken for
the same people. Fifty years ago, it was the general belief in Ireland
and Scotland that the Fir-Bolgs[45] were the old Belgians; yet this is
false, and they are a Danish colony, as a very well-informed Englishman
wrote to me. If I had no other reasons but the names, I should
hesitate to pronounce for the identity of the Opicans and Umbrians. But
Philistus called the people which overcame the Siculians in Latium,
Ombricans, and the affinity of the languages may also be clearly made
out from what remains of them.
These changes of the population, in which the earlier inhabitants are
dislodged by another tribe, and the latter by some other one in its
turn, make the history of the old Italian nations so indescribably
obscure and difficult for us. At a time which we cannot fix with
chronological certainty, in what was afterwards called Latium, which,
however, perhaps bore this name from the earliest times, there existed
a population of Siculians. The memory of it was preserved at Tibur,
where according to Cato part of the town was called Siculio.[46] There
are also elsewhere very many allusions in ancient authors, which
place it beyond doubt that this people once existed there. Under
the same name we find it in Southern Italy, and in the island which
is to this day still called after them. According to one tradition,
Sicelus came from Latium to the Œnotrians; according to another, the
Siculians under different names were driven from their old abodes by
the Opicans or Ombricans, and removed to that island. This migration
is merely indicative of the combinations of those who tried to explain
the contemporary existence of the same people in Latium and in Sicily.
Possible it is, but it is also possible that it took quite a different
direction. It is certain that in Homer’s time there were Siculians
in Southern Italy; to prove which fact there exists a passage from
Mnaseas, a pupil of Aristarchus, a learned grammarian and historian,
whom the scholiast of the Odyssey quotes. He also says, that Echetus in
Epirus was prince of the Siculians, so that he likewise acknowledged
this name in those parts. From his explanation, we see that the poet of
the Odyssey, when speaking of Siculians, does not mean the inhabitants
of Sicily, a country concerning which he was in the dark; but those of
Southern Italy, or the Pelasgians of Epirus.
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