Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
The original tradition is that Æneas had first lived for three years
in a small town called Troy; then, that taking a higher flight, he
had founded Lavinium, and thirty years afterwards Alba; and that the
three hundredth year after Alba, was that of the building of Rome.
This regular progression of the numbers betokens a field which is not
that of history. Three thousand years also were certainly fixed as the
duration of Rome. There are two different numerical systems in these
legends:--the Etruscan with a sæculum of a hundred and ten years, and
the Greek, or the Tyrrhenian, in which the sæculum consisted of thirty
years. This number thirty had at all times considerable weight on
account of the period of the revolution of Saturn, which according to
the then existing opinion, as Servius records, was completed within
thirty years. Thirty common years constituted among the Greeks a
Saturnian, and a hundred Saturnians a grand year. With this the scale
of numbers from the foundation of Lavinium to the building of Rome is
connected. The earliest Alban history is a nonentity, as the sagacious
Dodwell (de Cyclis, diss. X.) has already shown, who indeed on other
occasions only too often spoils by his subtleties what he has well
begun. The chronology of the Alban-kings in Dionysius, for instance, is
mere absurdity and forgery, the names of them being patched together in
every possible way. This forgery, as we see from Servius, was committed
in a later age by a freedman of Sylla, L. Cornelius Alexander of
Miletus, who readily found acceptance at a period when people were glad
to have histories of those times of which nothing could be known.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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