Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 2 (of 3) — John Shaqi
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 2 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
The Romans blockaded Lilybæum on the land side, and at the same time
cruised before the harbour: they battered the wall, and pulled down
part of it; but Himilco, the commander of the Carthaginians, withstood
them with the most unflinching steadfastness. A disposition to
treachery often showed itself among the troops of the Carthaginians;
for they scarcely ever employed their citizens as soldiers, but only
as officers, and some also in the cavalry; the main body therefore
consisted of mercenaries, so that it is the more to be wondered at that
the Carthaginians had distinguished generals. For this reason, they had
now much trouble to secure the attachment of these soldiers, who were
gathered together from all quarters, most of them being Greeks, Gauls
and Spaniards; they could scarcely manage them by any other means than
by the hope of gain. Hamilcar and Hannibal alone knew how to bind to
themselves even these mixed masses by their own personal qualities;
at all other times, these men were ready to commit every sort of
treachery for money. Into a plot of this kind some of them now entered
with the Roman consul; but an Achæan, Alexo, discovered it, and tried
to counteract it; and so the rest were gained over by promises and
sacrifices, and the traitors cast out. The Romans here, for the first
time, betook themselves to the Greek method of besieging: before the
Punic wars, there is nothing like a real siege, but only blockading
and storming.[7] They made great progress, and threw down six towers
(unless Polybius dates this circumstance too early). The Carthaginians
communicated with the besieged by means of a bold seaman, who in a
swift ship ventured to pass through the midst of the Roman fleet, and
repeated the same feat several times. They ascertained that without
speedy assistance, the town must be lost; and so they determined to
send ten thousand men to its relief, who, to the great dismay of the
Romans, made their way through their guardships. Just at first, the
Carthaginians made a sally, which indeed led to no advantage; but
soon afterwards, during a dreadful hurricane, they ventured upon a
new and successful attack with every possible sort of contrivance for
setting fire: as all the Roman machines were made of wood, they were
every one of them burnt. It was high time, as six towers had already
fallen (for to this period of the siege the notice in Polybius seems
in fact to belong). The Romans must have felt convinced that after the
loss of their battering engines, they could no longer do any harm to
the town by merely blockading it; they tried therefore to throw up a
mole across the entrance of the harbour. In this, however, they only
succeeded so far, as in some measure to obstruct the communication of
the Carthaginians with the town, which had hitherto been too free.
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