Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 2 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
Romans made no more use of the boarding-bridges. Ninety-three Roman
ships were taken, many were destroyed, not more than about thirty
reached Lilybæum: with them was the consul Claudius. He was recalled:
fierce reproaches were made against him that he was the cause of the
disaster; that he had impiously scorned the auspices; that the birds of
the augurs had refused to eat, and that thereupon he had ordered them
to be thrown into the sea. He had to appoint a dictator: in mockery he
named the son of a freedman, a client of his, one M. Claudius Glycia:
the name of the grandfather is not mentioned in the Fasti. Since the
curies had lost their power, it had become the right of the consul
to appoint a dictator; whereas formerly he merely proclaimed him. P.
Claudius was put on his trial: according to Polybius, and to judge from
an expression of Cicero’s, he was condemned to a severe punishment;
according to others, the _comitia_ were dispersed by a thunderstorm,
whereupon the matter was dropped, which seems to betoken the influence
of a powerful party. When he was already dead, his sister likewise
brought upon herself a severe punishment by her genuine Claudian
insolence. Annoyed by the crowd in a procession, in which she took
a part as a Vestal, she loudly exclaimed, it was a pity that her
brother was no more alive to get rid of some of the rabble at sea.
This also proves, that at that time the sailors were levied from the
_capite censi_. She was prosecuted for a _crimen majestatis_ before
the plebeian ædiles, and condemned to pay a heavy fine. The dictator
Claudius Glycia was of course induced by the senate and the people
to resign his dignity. The conduct of Claudius is quite in keeping
with the many acts of wanton insolence which were displayed by all
his family; they may be traced from the middle of the fourth century
down to the emperor Tiberius: the character for insolence is nearly
hereditary in them. Immediately afterwards, another misfortune befalls
the Romans. They had still kept up their spirits; for they already sent
again eight hundred ships with provisions to Lilybæum, without doubt
escorted by a considerable fleet, a proof of the importance of the
commerce in the Mediterranean; but the ships of war were not sufficient
to protect them. With this fleet the consul L. Junius sailed again
through the straits of Messina to Syracuse, as the commissariat was
chiefly dependent on the latter town; he there took in his full cargo,
and very imprudently sent part of the fleet with some ships of war in
advance. The Carthaginians under Carthalo put to sea to meet them, and
so frightened them, that they laid to in a very bad roadsted among
breakers, off the southern coast (between Agrigentum and Camarina),
so that even Carthalo shrank from attacking them. L. Junius was very
late before he set out from Syracuse, and when he found that Carthalo
was lying between him and the other convoy, he likewise went to a bad
roadsted.
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