Mutiny against Alexander Severus Maximin, 266 Murder of Severus, and of Mamæa, 267 _Maximin_ becomes emperor, 267 Insurrection of the Gordians in Africa, 268 Death of the Gordians, 268 _Maximus_ and _Balbinus_, 269 Murder of Maximin, 269 _Gordian III._, 270 _M. Julius Philippus_, 271 The thousandth anniversary of the city, 271 Of Philip’s having embraced Christianity, 272 Marinus, 272 _Decius_, 272 Spread of Christianity, 273 STATE OF THINGS AT ROME. FINE ARTS. LITERATURE. Freemen, 274 Difference between imperial and senatorial provinces abolished, 274 Art. Literature, 274 Jurisprudence, Papinian, Ulpian, 275 Curtius. Petronius, 276 INVASION OF THE GOTHS. DEATH OF DECIUS. GALLUS TREBONIANUS ÆMILIAN. VALERIAN. GALLIENUS. THE THIRTY TYRANTS. Rising of the Germans in the Roman empire, 277 The Franks. Swabians. Goths, 277 Combat of Decius with the Goths. His death, 278 _Gallus Trebonianus_, 278 Æmilianus. Valerian, 279 P. Licinius Gallienus becomes the colleague of Valerian, 279 War with the German people. In Mesopotamia and Syria. Imprisonment of Valerian, 280 Death of Valerian. The thirty tyrants, 281 Odenathus. Zenobia, 282 The empire of Palmyra, 283 CLAUDIUS GOTHICUS. AURELIAN. TACITUS PROBUS. CARUS.