Battle near Thapsus, 67 M. Porcius Cato of Utica, 65 Cæsar appears before Utica, 69 Suicide of Cato, 69 Juba, 70 The Spanish war, 70 Battle near Munda, 70 Cæsar’s triumph, 71 Cæsar’s last enterprises and plans, 72 Veteran Colonies. Colony at Corinth and Carthage, 74 Legislation, 74 Increase of the Patricians, 75 Cæsar’s desire for the title of king, 76 M. Junius Brutus, 76 Cassius Longinus, 78 Conspiracy against Cæsar, 79 Murder of Cæsar, 80 STATE OF ROME AFTER THE MURDER OF CÆSAR. TRIUMVIRATE OF ANTONY, OCTAVIAN, AND LEPIDUS. DEATH OF CICERO. Indecision of the conspirators after Cæsar’s death, 81 Cæsar’s will, 82 C. Octavius, 83 M. Antony, 83 Cicero, 84 Cicero’s letter to Brutus, 88 War in Mutina, 89 M. Æmilius Lepidus. Munatius Plancus, 90 Octavius becomes consul, 91 _Lex Pedia_, 91 Meeting of Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus on an islet in the river Reno. Triumvirate, 91 Proscription, 92 Death of Cicero, 93 Character of Cicero’s writings, 95 Battle near Philippi, 97 Death of Cassius, 98 Second Battle. Death of Brutus, 99 Horace, 99 THE PERUSIAN WAR. PEACE OF BRUNDUSIUM. PEACE OF MISENUM. EVENTS DOWN TO THE BATTLE OF ACTIUM. END OF THE CIVIL WAR.