* * * * * In quoting from German authorities, where I have not been able to give reference to standard English translations, I have translated the extracts from the original myself, for the convenience of English readers; while, in the case of French works, I have deliberately given the original text, only when I felt that the sense might suffer by translation. I should now like to express my deep gratitude to Dr. Oscar Levy, who has always been ready to place his valuable time and wide knowledge at my disposal whenever I have expressed the smallest desire of consulting him on any difficult point that may have arisen during the preparation of these lectures. And I should also like to acknowledge the help afforded me by both Mr. J. M. Kennedy and Dr. Mügge,--the one through his extensive acquaintance with Eastern literature, and the other through his valuable bibliography of works relating to Nietzsche's life and philosophy. It only remains for me to thank the Committee and the Provost of University College, Gower Street, for their kindness, and for the generous hospitality which they have now extended to me on two separate occasions; and, finally, to avail myself of this opportunity in order to express my grateful recognition of the trouble taken on my behalf by Professor Robert Priebsch and Mr. Walter W. Seton of London University, on both occasions when I had the honour of delivering a course of lectures at their College. ANTHONY M. LUDOVICI. February 1911. [1] Friedrich Nietzsche's Gesämmelte Briefe, vol. 111, p. 305. CONTENTS LECTURE I PART I Anarchy in Modern Art The State of Modern Art The Fine Arts: 1. The Artists 2. The Public 3. The Critics 4. Some Art-Criticisms PART II Suggested Causes of the Anarchy in Modern Art 1. Morbid Irritability 2. Misleading Systems of Æsthetic 3. Our Heritage:-- (a) Christianity (b) Protestantism (c) Philosophical Influences (d) The Evolutionary Hypothesis LECTURE II Government in Art--Nietzsche's Definition of Art PART I Divine Art and the Man--God 1. The World "Without Form" and "Void" 2. The First Artists 3. The People and their Man-God 4. The Danger 5. The Two Kinds of Artists PART II Deductions from Part I--Nietzsche's Art Principles 1. The Spirit of the Age incompatible with Ruler Art 2. A Thrust parried. Police or Detective Art defined 3. The Purpose of Art Still the Same as Ever 4. The Artist's and the Layman's View of Life 5. The Confusion of the Two Points of View 6. The Meaning of Beauty of Form and of Beauty of Content in Art 7. The Meaning of Ugliness of Form and of Ugliness of Content in Art 8. The Ruler-Artist's Style and Subject PART III Landscape and Portrait Painting