It is to higher men that Nietzsche really makes his appeal, the leaders and misleaders of the mob. He had no concern with the multitude and they did not need him. The world had seen philosophies enough which had advocated the cause of the "greatest number"--English libraries were stacked with such works. What was required was, to convert those rare men who give the direction--the heads of the various throngs--the vanguard. "Awake and listen, ye lonely ones! From the future, winds are coming with a gentle beating of wings, and there cometh good tidings for fine ears. "Ye lonely ones of to-day, ye who stand apart, ye shall one day be a people: from you, who have chosen yourselves, a chosen people shall arise and from it Superman."[17] [1] G. E., Aph. 254, 255, 256. [2] See Schopenhauer on _The Vanity and Suffering of Life_. [3] Z., p. 52. [4] Z., pp. 204, 205, 206. [5] Z., pp. 192, 193. [6] See Z., p. 98 _et seq_. [7] Z., p. 91. [8] G. E., p. 226. [9] Twilight of the Idols, Part 9, Aph. 14. [10] Z., pp. 136, 137. [11] G. E., p. 20. [12] Second Essay, Aph. 12. [13] The italics are mine.--A. M. L. [14] Z., p. 351. [15] Z., p. 6. [16] G. E., p. 130. [17] Z., p. 89. * * * * * Chapter V Nietzsche the Sociologist For Nietzsche, as we are beginning to see, a fitting title is hard to find. Unless we coin new names for things that have not yet been given names, Nietzsche remains without a title among his fellow thinkers. He has been called the "arch-anarchist," which he is not; he has been called the "preacher of brutality," which he is not; he has been called the "egoist," which he is not. But all these titles were conferred upon him by people whose interest it was to reduce him in the public's esteem. If he must be named, however, and we suppose he must, the best title would obviously be that which would distinguish him most exactly from his colleagues. Now, how does Nietzsche stand out from the ranks of almost all other philosophers? By the fact that he was throughout his life an "Advocate of Higher Man." Whereas other philosophers and scholars had always thought they had some divine message to impart in the cause of the "greatest number"; Nietzsche--the typical miner and underminer--believed that his mission was to stand for a neglected minority, for higher men, for the gold in the mass of quartz. No title therefore could be more fair, and at the same time more essentially descriptive, than the "Advocate of Higher Man," and in giving this title to Nietzsche, we immediately outline him against that assembly of his colleagues who were "Advocates of the Greatest Number."