Miscellaneous 50 Training and Employment of Scouts 50 Searchlights in Attack and in Defence 53 Flares, etc. 54 Hand Grenades 55 Luminous Discs 56 Pocket Electric Lamps 56 Connecting Ropes 56 Passing Fences 57 Entrenching by Night 58 Wire Entanglements 59 Halts at Night 59 Recognition of Friends at Night 59 Knowledge of the Moon and Stars 60 Constant Practice the only Means of acquiring Knowledge 62 Conclusion 63 NIGHT OPERATIONS FOR INFANTRY. CHAPTER I. THE IMPORTANCE OF CAREFUL TRAINING IN NIGHT OPERATIONS. Although in recent years there has been a marked increase in the practice of night operations, yet I doubt if the majority of officers have realized that the changing conditions of war tend to make night fighting a much more common occurrence in the future than it has been in the past. A brief study of the accounts of the Russo-Japanese War shows that, as time went on, both combatants evinced a growing tendency to resort to night attacks, and to employ in their execution forces of considerable strength; it is, therefore, reasonable to assume that in future wars similar circumstances will compel the adoption of similar methods. Moreover, if we consider the results which are likely to follow from the facilities for the acquisition and the rapid transmission of information offered by airships and wireless telegraphy respectively, and from the increased efficiency of fire-arms, we are compelled to realize that in all future wars operations carried out under cover of darkness, not only for the purpose of massing troops in a favourable position for further action, but also for the actual assault of particular localities, will become a matter of constant occurrence. Indeed, as a French officer, from whose book[A] I have gathered many hints on night training, points out, night fighting can no longer be regarded as something abnormal and exceptional, but as the power of fire-arms increases, so will combats in the dark become more frequent and necessary. [A] “Guide pour le Chef d’une petité unité d’infanterie opérant la nuit, par Le Commandant Breveté Niessel.”