London.—“Handbook of Chemical Technology,” Wagner-Crookes. D. Appleton & Co., New York.—“The Ore Deposits of the United States and Canada,” by J. F. Kemp. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.—“The Valve World.” Crane Co., Chicago.—“The Romance of Steel,” by H. Casson. A. S. Barnes & Co., New York.—“The Metallurgy of Steel,” by Harbord & Hall. Chas. Griffin & Co., Ltd., London.—“Metallurgy of Steel,” by H. M. Howe. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.—Tomlinson’s “Encyclopedia of Useful Arts” (1854). G. Virtue & Co., New York.—“Liquid Steel,” by E. G. Carnegie. Longmans, Green & Co., New York.—“Iron and Steel in All Ages,” by James Swank. American Iron & Steel Association, Philadelphia.—“The A.B.C. of Iron and Steel.” Penton Publishing Co., Cleveland, O.—“The Iron Age.” David Williams, New York.—“The Iron Trade Review.” Penton Publishing Co., Cleveland, O.—“High Speed Steel,” by O. Becker. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. [Illustration: CONTENTS] CHAPTER PAGE I THE EARLY HISTORY OF IRON 1 II THE RAW MATERIALS 17 III RAW MATERIALS (_Continued_) 37 IV THE BLAST FURNACE 52 V A GENERAL GLIMPSE AHEAD 69 VI WROUGHT IRON 91 VII CEMENTATION AND CRUCIBLE STEELS 106 VIII BESSEMER STEEL 123 IX THE OPEN-HEARTH PROCESS 142 X CAST IRON 160 XI CAST IRON (_Continued_) 178 XII MALLEABLE CAST IRON 195 XIII CAST STEEL 214 XIV THE ALLOY STEELS 233 XV THE HIGH-SPEED STEELS 240 XVI THE MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF STEEL 245 XVII THE ROLLING PROCESS 259 XVIII THE ROLLING OF RODS 277 XIX WIRE AND WIRE DRAWING 284 XX THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPE AND TUBES 292 XXI THE MANUFACTURE OF SEAMLESS STEEL TUBES 302 XXII TRANSFORMATIONS AND STRUCTURES OF THE STEELS 310 XXIII THE EQUILIBRIUM DIAGRAM OF THE IRON-CARBON ALLOYS 335 REFERENCES 350 INDEX 355 NON-TECHNICAL CHATS ON IRON AND STEEL CHAPTER I THE EARLY HISTORY OF IRON [Illustration: PREHISTORIC MAN ]