V. ANIMAL LIFE 258 General principles of geographical distribution--Life-regions and life-zones--The mammals--Some representative mammals--The birds. VI. GEOLOGY 299 The growth of the continent--The rocks of which the continent is composed--The concentration of mineral substances. VII. THE ABORIGINES 355 The Eskimos--The Indians. VIII. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY 408 Classification of boundaries--Political control--Population in 1900. INDEX 427 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS COLOURED MAPS PLATE PAGE I. Orographical features 25 II. Mean annual rainfall and temperature 173 III. Climate and life provinces 185 IV. Leading geological features 306 V. Pleistocene glacial deposits 315 VI. Linguistic stocks of Indians North of Mexico 370 VII. Distribution of governments 410 VIII. Characteristic vegetation 418 OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS FIG. PAGE 1. Relief map of North America _Frontispiece_ 2. Profile of a continental shelf 2 3. Map of Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean region, showing topography of the sea-floor 17 4. Co-tidal lines 29 5. Profile of sea-cliff and cut-and-built terrace 33 6. Map of a portion of the Atlantic coast of the United States 35 7. Map of Mobile Bay 36 8. Map of Cape Cod 37 9. Map of the coast of Texas 39 10. Map of a portion of the coast of Maine 45 11. Map of the coast of southeastern Alaska 47 12. Map of the delta of the Mississippi 53 13. Map giving the names of the larger physiographic divisions of North America 61 14. Altitude map of North America 65 15. Map of the Appalachian Mountains 74 16. Section of anticlinal valleys and synclinal mountains 78 17. Profile showing relation of ancient peneplains in the Appalachians 81 18. Section through the Black Hills of Dakota 117