North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Science
North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)
Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Soft-shelled turtles
Three _spinifer_ were taken from the Llano River (near Llano, Texas)
in a period of low water level in hoop-nets set in a large quiet-water
pond about four feet deep and having patches of rushes encroaching
into the water from the shore. The river bed of sand, gravel and large
boulders consisted of narrower, swift-water channels, small pools and
riffles, and large ponds.
Individuals of _T. s. emoryi_ have been taken in large ponds having
little or no current, turbid, deep water, and clay or sand-gravel
banks (Río Purificación, Padilla, Tamaulipas). Two _emoryi_ were
collected from a large pond (Río Sabinas, near Sabinas, Coahuila),
which was connected to an adjoining one by riffle areas and had little
or no current, relatively clear, greenish water, clay or mud banks, a
sand-gravel bottom, and was flanked by brush and large cypress trees.
A few _emoryi_ were trapped in hoop-nets that were set in the Río
Mesquites, a stream in central Coahuila approximately 20 feet wide and
six feet deep, flanked by dense stands of _Phragmites_, and having a
moderate current, relatively clear, pea-green water and a mud-sand
substrate with some gravel; the stream enlarged in some places to form
quiet-water coves (Pl. 48, Fig. 2). One adult male _emoryi_ was taken
from a crystal-clear, dendritic, pond (El Mojarral, near Cuatro
Ciénegas, Coahuila), having shallow areas averaging about two feet but
several deep holes--in one of these at the west end of the pond the
water was being emitted under pressure from an underwater cavern and
"bubbling" at the surface; the vegetation consisted of scattered
patches of water-lilies and stonewort; the bottom was a soft mud-marl,
and in some places was carpeted with shells of small gastropods. This
habitat corresponds to that of the type locality of _T. ater_ (Pl. 49,
Fig. 2); see description in Webb and Legler (1960:26). The water of
the ponds is warm; at 8 p. m. on July 31, 1959, the temperature of the
water at the type locality of _ater_ was 29° C., and the air was 27°
C.
An immature female _spinifer_ was taken on a trotline in a swift,
clear, cold-water habitat having mud banks and an abundance of brush
piles (Little Tennessee River, Monroe County, Tennessee). _T.
spinifer_ occurs also in large ox-bow lakes having relatively clear
water, extensive mats of submerged vegetation, a soft mud bottom, and
several emergent stumps and fallen logs (Lake Concordia, Concordia
Parish, Louisiana); alligator grass and cypress trees encroached to
the shoreline.
Locality data of some individuals of _spinifer_, _hartwegi_, _asper_,
_pallidus_ and _emoryi_ that were examined indicated that turtles were
captured in ponds, bayous, sloughs, lakes, impoundments, rivers and
creeks, indicating habitation of essentially all permanent waters.
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