North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Science
North American Recent Soft-Shelled Turtles (Family Trionychidae)
Webb, Robert G. (Robert Gravem)
Soft-shelled turtles
A juvenile of _hartwegi_ was seen by Mr. Wendell L. Minckley on a
gravel bar jutting into a small, shallow creek having a mud-gravel
bottom (Carnahan Creek, Pottawatomie County, Kansas); the impounding
of the Big Blue River by the Turtle Creek Dam will obliterate this
habitat. Mr. J. Knox Jones, Jr. reported seeing a large softshell in a
narrow, shallow, clear sandy creek in Holt County, Nebraska.
_T. s. emoryi_ occurs in large rivers having generally turbid waters,
a moderate to swift current and mud or sand bottoms such as the Río
Grande; this habitat corresponds to that of large rivers in the
western parts of the range of _T. s. pallidus_ (Red and Washita) and
_T. s. hartwegi_ (Canadian and Cimarron). These last-named rivers, in
periods of low water level, often have shallow, clear, flowing water
in parts of the river bed. _T. s. emoryi_ has also been taken from
small creeks having bottoms of rocks and large boulders (Black River
Village, Eddy County, New Mexico; field notes of Sydney Anderson and
Kenneth Shain, June 12-14, 1958).
I received a hatchling _T. s. guadalupensis_ that was obtained in a
clear, shallow-water stream (Hondo Creek, Bandera County, Texas, on
April 12, 1958). The larger streams and rivers known to be inhabited
by _guadalupensis_ are generally clear having greenish-tinted waters.
The geographic distribution of _guadalupensis_ indicates that that
subspecies occurs principally in those waters that drain the
limestone-mantled, Edward's Plateau off the Balcones Escarpment; the
headwaters are characterized by clear, calcareous streams having
occasional travertine deposits. It is probably this type of habitat to
which Agassiz's statement (1857:408) of "clear, bold and rocky
streams" refers.
There are a few specimens whose locality data indicate a tolerance of
brackish-water habitats. An adult male _spinifer_ was obtained at
Delacroix Island, St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, a locality said to
have exceedingly brackish waters (Dr. George H. Bick, St. Mary's
College, Notre Dame, Indiana); this adult male (TU 16170) is unique in
having a mottled and blotched pattern. Another adult male (_spinifer_,
TU 16071) was obtained in shallow water in Lake Pontchartrain at the
mouth of Tchefuncta Creek; the salinity at the time of capture was
recorded as 1.7 (datum from Dr. Royal D. Suttkus, Tulane University),
indicating only slightly brackish water. Two _spinifer_ (USNM
100409-10) and one _muticus_ (USNM 100406) were taken at Berwick Bay,
near Morgan City, St. Mary's Parish, Louisiana; the waters at this
locality are probably brackish. The tolerance of brackish waters
doubtless facilitates the dispersal of these turtles along coastal
marshes and swamps, and into adjacent drainage systems. The greater
number of records in the literature pertaining to _ferox_ suggest that
this species may be more tolerant of brackish and marine waters than
are _spinifer_ or _muticus_.
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