Gravel-tempered ware apparently was esteemed as a kitchen ware, much as is the modern "ovenware" or Pyrex in the contemporary home. Since gravel-tempered ovens were widely used in the West of England, they were accepted by settlers in America, especially where built-in brick ovens were lacking. Unlike those of Staffordshire or Bristol, the North Devon potteries failed to develop new techniques or to change with shifts in taste. The delftware of London and Bristol and the yellow wares of Bristol and Staffordshire became preferable to the soft and imperfect sgraffito ware. In the same way, the kitchen ware of Staffordshire and the adequate red-wares of American potters made obsolete the heavy, ugly, and incomparably crude gravel-tempered ware, while American bricklayers, having adopted the custom of building brick ovens into fireplaces, outmoded the portable ovens from North Devon after 1700. Any chance of a renaissance of North Devon's potteries was killed by the blockading of its ports in the mid-18th century. From then on the potteries continued traditionally, their markets gradually shrinking at home in the face of modern production elsewhere. Today, only Brannan's Litchdon Street Pottery in Barnstaple has survived. OTHER REFERENCES CONSULTED BEMROSE, GEOFFREY, _Nineteenth-Century English Pottery and Porcelain_, New York, n.d. (about 1952). BLACKER, J. F., _Nineteenth-Century English Ceramic Art_, London, 1911. CHAFFERS, WILLIAM, _Marks and Monograms on Pottery and Porcelain_, 14th issue, London, 1932. GRIBBLE, JOSEPH B., _Memorials of Barnstaple_, Barnstaple, 1830. HAGGAR, REGINALD, _English Country Pottery_, London, 1950. HONEY, W. B., _European Ceramic Art from the end of the Middle Ages to about 1815_, London, n.d. (about 1952). MANKOWITZ, WOLF, AND HAGGAR, REGINALD G., _The Concise Encyclopedia of English Pottery and Porcelain_, London, 1957. METEYARD, ELIZA, _The Life of Josiah Wedgwood_, London, 1865. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1960 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 35 cents. FOOTNOTES: [1] Worth Bailey, "Concerning Jamestown Pottery--Its Past and Present," _Ceramic Age_, October 1939, pp. 101-104. [2] H. C. Forman, _Jamestown and Saint Mary's_, Baltimore, 1938, p. 133. [3] Worth Bailey, "A Jamestown Baking Oven of the Seventeenth Century," _William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine_, 1937, ser. 2, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 496-500. [4] John Watkins, _An Essay Towards a History of Bideford in the County of Devon_, Exeter, 1792, p. 56. [5] _Ibid._, pp. 65, 67-68. [6] _Ibid._, p. 70. [7] Port Book, Barnstaple, 1620, Public Record Office, London (hereinafter referred to as _Port Book_), E 190/947. [8] _Virginia Magazine of History and Biography_, 1911, vol. 19, p. 31. [9] _Ibid._, quoting Sainsbury Abstracts, p. 184. [10] _Virginia Magazine of History and Biography_, 1901, vol. 9, pp. 257-258.