Northumberland Yesterday and To-dayTerry, Jean F. (Jean Finlay)
History
Northumberland Yesterday and To-day
Terry, Jean F. (Jean Finlay)
Northumberland (England) -- Guidebooks; Northumberland (England) -- History
Throughout the whole of its length it steadily holds the line of
the highest ridges in its course, climbing up slopes and dipping
down into the intervening hollows with the least possible deviation
from its onward course. The most interesting, because most
complete, portion of the Wall, is that in the neighbourhood of the
three loughs—Broomlee, Greenlee, and Crag Loughs, which, with
Grindon Lough to the south of the Wall, boast the name of the
Northumberland Lakes. On this portion of the wall is situated the
large Roman station of Borcovicus, from which we have gained a
great deal of our information as to what the life of the garrisons
on this lonely outpost of Empire was like.
The station is situated on hilly ground, which slopes gently to the
south, and is nearly five acres in extent. On entering the eastern
gateway one cannot but experience a sudden thrill on seeing the
deep grooves worn in the stone by the passing and repassing of
Roman cart and chariot wheels. That mute witness of the daily
traffic of the soldiery in those long-past centuries speaks with a
most intimate note to us who eighteen hundred years afterwards come
to look upon the place of their habitation. The station itself is
of the usual shape of the Roman towns on the course of the
Wall—oblong, with rounded corners. The greatest length lies east
and west, in a line with the Wall; and two broad streets crossing
each other at right angles lead from the north to the south, and
from the east to the western gateways. Each of the four was
originally a double gateway; but in every case one half of it has
been closed up, no doubt when the garrison was declining in
numbers, and the attacks of the enemy were increasing in severity.
[Illustration: North Gateway, Housesteads and Roman Wall.]
Considerable portions of the guard-chambers, one at each side of
each gateway, still remain; and near one of them was found a huge
stone trough, its edges deeply worn by, apparently, the frequent
sharpening of knives upon it. Its use has not been determined; Dr.
Bruce tells us that one of the men engaged in the work of
excavation gave it as his firm opinion that the Romans used it to
wash their Scotch prisoners in! The buildings of the little town—a
row of houses against the western wall, two large buildings near
the centre of the camp, with smaller chambers to the east of
them—in which the garrison lived, worked, and stored their
supplies, are still quite plainly to be traced, although the walls
are only three or four courses high in most places, and of the
pillars the broken bases are almost all that remain.
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