War with the Duke of Holstein--The Great Northern War (1709-1720)--Naval Battle in Kjögebugt--Charles XII. Invades Norway--The Heroic Anna Kolbjörnsdatter--King Charles at Frederickshald--Peter and Hans Kolbjörnson--Peter Wessel Tordenskiold--The Battle of Dynekilen--King Charles XII. Killed before Frederickssteen--The Peace of Fredericksborg--The Sale of Norwegian Church Property--Hans Egede, Greenland's Apostle 272 CHAPTER L CHRISTIAN VI. (1730-1746) Pietism and Hypocrisy--Confirmation Introduced--Improvement in Popular Education--Famine in Norway--Ludvig Holberg--Erik Pontoppidan 281 CHAPTER LI FREDERICK V. (1746-1766) More Liberal Christianity--Luxury at Court--An "Extra Tax"--Revolt in Bergen--Promotion of Science and Art 284 CHAPTER LII CHRISTIAN VII. (1766-1808) Johan Frederick Struensee--Reforms without Preparation--Struensee Executed--The Guldberg Period--Prosperity in Norway--Crown Prince Frederick as Regent--The Bernstorf Ministry--The "Armed Neutrality"--Naval Battle at Copenhagen, 1801--The Peace of Tilsit--Bombardment of Copenhagen, 1807--The Norwegian "Government Commission" 286 CHAPTER LIII FREDERICK VI. (1808-1814) War with Sweden--Battles at Lier, Toverud, Trangen, and Prestebakke--Armistice, December, 1808--Gustavus IV. Deposed--Christian August becomes Crown Prince of Sweden--Peace of Jönköping--The Society for Norway's Welfare--The University of Norway--Famine and Distress in Norway 293 CHAPTER LIV MARSHAL BERNADOTTE Candidates for the Swedish Succession--Baron Mörner goes to Paris--Marshal Bernadotte--Crown Prince Charles John--Rupture with Napoleon--Agreement with Russia--Norway Promised to Sweden--Treaty of Kiel--Norway ceded to the Swedish King 298 CHAPTER LV NORWAY DECLARES HER INDEPENDENCE Norwegians Refuse to Recognize the Treaty of Kiel--Christian Frederick as Regent--The Constitutional Convention at Eidsvold--Constitution of May 17, 1814--Christian Frederick elected King of Norway 302 CHAPTER LVI WAR WITH SWEDEN--UNION OF NOVEMBER 14, 1814 The Powers demand Acceptance of the Treaty of Kiel--War breaks out--Surrender of Fredericksstad--Siege of Frederickssteen--The Swedes defeated at Lier and Matrand--Convention at Moss--The Storthing Convened--Christian Frederick Abdicates-Union with Sweden --Charles XIII. elected King of Norway 306 CHAPTER LVII THE UNION WITH SWEDEN