THE HIGH SHERIFF'S COSTUME.--Of late years, in Worcestershire, the
High Sheriff has dressed as any other gentleman. In Berkshire and
Oxfordshire the High Sheriff's costume is a court dress, and it was so
till lately in Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire; but as the present
court dress was first introduced in the early part of the reign of
George III, the bag-wig in the reign of George II, and as swords were
worn by all the gentlemen as part of their usual evening dress, within
the memory of Mrs. Hannah Shenton, of Stafford, who is now living at
the advanced age of ninety-seven, it is manifest that the High Sheriff
only appeared in the full dress of a gentleman of his time. And as a
further proof that the costume of the High Sheriff was the full dress
of the private gentleman of the period, there is a portrait of Francis
Goddard, Esq., High Sheriff of Wiltshire, in the reign of King William
III, now in the possession of Major Goddard, of the Wilts Militia, in
which the High Sheriff is wearing a full-bottomed wig.
JAVELIN MEN.--These, no doubt, were the vassals and retainers of
the High Sheriff, who attended to protect and guard the Judges, the
weapon they carried being the _partizan_, which is still carried by
the yeomen of the guard, which was introduced in the reign of Henry
VIII. Mr. Aubrey, the Wiltshire antiquary of Charles II's reign, in
a letter published by him in a work called "Miscellanies on several
Curious Subjects," says, from information obtained from his grandfather
(_temp._ Henry VIII)--"Lords had their armouries to furnish some
hundreds of men. The halls of Justices of the Peace were dreadful
to behold: the screens were garnished with corslets and helmets,
gaping with open mouths with coats of mail, lances, pikes, halberts,
brown-bills, batterdashers, bucklers, and the modern calivers and
petronels (in King Charles I's time turned to muskets and pistols).
Then an esquire, when he rode to town, was attended by eight or ten
men in blue coats with badges;" and it would seem that from the reign
of King Charles II the javelin men have continued to be much the same
as at present, as in the printed articles of agreement entered into in
that reign by sixty-four Wiltshire gentlemen, who were liable to serve
the office of High Sheriff, it is stipulated (_inter alia_) "That no
one of the said persons, when he is made sheriff of the said county,
have above thirty livery-men, nor under twenty, for his attendance at
the assize. * * * And that when any of the said subscribers shall be
made sheriffs of the said county, the livery shall be a plain cloth
coat or cloke, edged and lined through with sarge, a black hat, and
suitable javelin." This curious document, which was signed by one of
his ancestors, still remains in possession of Major Goddard.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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