_Remarks._--This rule admits of a modification; _e.g._ we form from [Greek: zel-os] _zeal_ (the sound hardly perceptibly differing from _zel-e_); from [Greek: hor-a] (hor-a), _hour_; from flos (flor-is), _flower_ and _flour_ (the long sound communicated to the vowel in the other words by the added _e_, being in these already contained in the diphthong). Add ven-a, _vein_; van-us, _vain_; sol-um, _soil_, &c.; and compare _-ceed_ in _proceed_, _succeed_, formed from compounds of ced-o. Some, but not all, of these words have come to us through the French. 2. Examples from the Greek:--[Greek: rheum-a], _rheum_; [Greek: chasm-a], _chasm_; [Greek: murr-a], _myrrh_; [Greek: gloss-a], _gloss_; [Greek: numph-e] (nymph-a), _nymph_; [Greek: disk-os], (disc-us), _disk_; [Greek: plinth-os], _plinth_; [Greek: psalm-os], _psalm_. From Latin, fraus (fraud-is), _fraud_; laus (laud-is), _laud_; plant-a, _plant_; orb-is, _orb_; plumb-um, _plumb_; long-us, _long_, flux-us, _flux_; port-us, _port_. Compare, in verbs, damn-o, _damn_; err-o, _err_; add-o, _add_; vex-o, _vex_. _Remarks._--From roots ending in the same consonant doubled, our derived words ordinarily drop one of them; _e.g._ [Greek: stemm-a], _stem_; gemm-a, _gem_; summ-a, _sum_; penn-a, _pen_; carr-us, _car_. (Note this tendency of our language, by comparing our _man_ with the German _mann_.) If the root ends in _s_ or _v_ preceded by a diphthong, or in a consonant +_s_[5] or +_v_ preceded by a vowel, our derived words add _e_, _as_ [Greek: paus-is] (paus-a), _paus-e_; caus-a, _cause-e_; naev-a, _nav-e_; puls-us, _puls-e_; dens-us, _dens-e_; [Greek: haps-is], _aps-e_; laps-us, _laps-e_; vers-us, _vers-e_; valv-a, _valv-e_; nerv-us, _nerv-e_.[6] The cause of this lies in the genius of our language, which totally rejects the ending _v_, and uses _s_ (single) very sparingly in the singular number, except in the ending _ous_, the genitive case, the third person of the present tense, the obsolete _wis_, and _was_. Other words are, the interjection _alas_; pronouns or pronominal particles; proper names, as _Thomas_, _Chaos_; compounds, as _Lammas_, _Christmas_; _plural_ adverbs, as _towards_, _thereabouts_; and the (perhaps) _plural_--it ought to be so--_alms_.[7] From roots ending in a mute +_a_ liquid, our derived words also end in _e_, and are then in fact dissyllables; _e.g._ [Greek: bibl-os], _bible_; [Greek: kukl-os], _cycl-e_; [Greek: mitr-a], _mitr-e_; [Greek: nitr-on], _nitr-e_; [Greek: petr-os], _petr-e_. In this class of words the final letters (after the analogy of Latin) have sometimes become transposed; _e.g._ [Greek: lepr-os], _lep-er_. So now-a-days, _cent-er_ as well as _centr-e_. Compare _metr-e_, _diamet-er_. To apply our rules to the words required to be formed in an English shape from [Greek: muth-os].