P.S. Since writing the above, I have found (in the nineteenth volume of _Archaeologia_, pp. 1-10.) an essay by Mr. Alex. Luders on this very subject, in which that able writer, who was well accustomed to examine historical records, refers to many examples in which the title "Most Christian King" was attributed to, or used by English sovereigns, as well as the kings of France; and to the fact, that this style was used by Henry VII., as appears from his contract with the Abbot of Westminster (Harl. MS. 1498.). Selden tells us that the emperors had from early times been styled "Defensores Ecclesiae;" and from the instances cited by Mr. Luders, it appears that the title of "Most Christian" was appropriated to kings of France from a very ancient period; that Pepin received it (A.D. 755) from the Pope, and Charles the Bald (A.D. 859) from a Council: and Charles VI. refers to ancient usage for this title, and makes use of these words: "--nostrorum progenitorum imitatione--evangelicae veritatis--DEFENSORES--nostra regia dignitas divino Christianae religionis titulo gloriosius insignitur--." Mr. Luders refers to the use of the words "Nos zelo _fidei catholicae_, cujus sumus et erimus Deo dante _Defensores_, salubriter commoti" in the charter of Richard II. to the Chancellor of Oxford, in the nineteenth year of his reign, as the earliest introduction of such phrases into acts of the kings of England that he had met with. This zeal was for the condemnation of Wycliff's _Trialogus_. In the reign of Hen. IV. the writ "De Haeretico comburendo" had the words "Zelator justitia et fidei catholicae cultor;" and the title of "Tres Chretien" occurs in several instruments of Hen. VI. and Edw. IV. It appears very probable that this usage was the foundation of the statement made by Chamberlayne and by Mr. Christopher Wren: but that the title of Defender of the Faith was used as part of the royal style before 1521, is, I believe, quite untrue. W.S.G. * * * * * MEANING OF JEZEBEL. (Vol. ii., p. 357.) There appear to be two serious objections to the idea of your correspondent W.G.H. respecting the appearance of _Baal_ in this word: 1. The original orthography ([Hebrew: 'iyzebel]); whereas the name of the deity is found on all Phoenician monuments, where it enters largely into the composition of proper names, written [Hebrew: b`l]: and, 2. The fact of female names being generally on these same monuments (as tombstones and so forth) compounded of the name of a _goddess_, specially Astarth ([Hebrew: 'atiorit] or [Hebrew: `a]). I do not know that we have any example of a female name into which _Baal_ enters.