1. The prevalent rocks are observed to be of a crystalline, or what is called igneous, character; as, granites of all varieties, quartz, mica, slate, felspar, sienite &c. Some felspar is seen decomposed into a soft white finger-staining mineral, or into fine porcelain clay. At the “Gap” of the river Macquarie the sienite is flanked by precipitous silicious slates. The Mount Alexander range is of a granitic character, and the beds of the streams running from it, on the Bendigo road, are filled with huge boulders of granite on a granite floor, containing parallel veins of crystallized felspar, having usually a north and south direction. No detritus of other rocks is found on the granite by the “Porcupine.” Some of the rocks bear fantastic resemblance to Beehives, Logan stones, and Scandinavian Tumuli. Granite is the bed of the Macquarie at Bathurst, and the base of the Mullion range, near which were the first diggings of New South Wales. The quartz is of all kinds; black, white, yellow, pink, green, red, spotted, streaked, mosaic, porous, fibrous, clinker like, and crystallized. Carbon makes it black; copper or chlorine, green; oxide of iron, red or brown; manganese, rose colour. The crystals are hexaedron pyramids, single or double, of different sizes and degrees of transparency. Some rise from the surface like wedges, having a singular appearance. The prisms are triangular, quadrilateral or pentagonal; some crystals have others attached to their sides. Veins of black quartz are observed with the centre very vesicular. Carious quartz, or swimming stone, is not common. The granulated quartz or grindstone schist has often minute transparent crystals in cavities. From a hole in Golden Gully, Bendigo, I obtained a specimen of soft sandstone, with most exquisitely beautiful veins of crystallized quartz running in all directions.