_Cereals._--_Æcophora temperatella_ (Limassol district only), smut and rust, hessian fly (occasionally), grain weevils (_Calandra granaria_), grain moth (_Sitotroga cerealella_). _Carobs._--_Cecidomyia ceratoniæ_, scale (_Aspidiotus ceratoniæ_) _Myelois ceratoniæ,_ borer (_Cossus liniperda_), _Oidium ceratoniæ_. _Olives._--_Capnodium_, scale (_Lecanium oleæ_ and _Aspidiotus oleæ_), aphis (_Psylla oleæ_), olive fly (_Dacus_ sp.), _Tinea oleela_ and various borers. _Citrus and other Fruit Trees._--Gummosis (Citrus and all stone fruits); scale (all); ermin moth (apples, pears and plums); downy plant louse, _Schizoneura lanigera_ (apples); aphides (almond, peach, plum and apricot); _Tingis pyri_ (pears and apples); codlin moth, _Carpocapsa pomonella_ (apples, pears, quinces and walnuts); peach leaf curl, _Exoascus deformans_ (peaches); black aphis (peaches); Mediterranean fruit fly, _Ceratitis capitata_ (all); mites, _Acarus_ sp. (all); various borers, thrips, and barkbeetle (_Scolytids_). _Vines._--_Oidium Tuckeri_, _Peronospora_, anthracnose, _Cladosporium,_ root rot, _Zygæna ampelophaga_, thrips, _Cochylis_, _Lita solanella_. _Vegetables.--Peronospora infestans_ (potatoes), _Cladosporium_, _Altica_, aphides, mole crickets. Much damage is done to carobs by the large rat, _Mus Alexandrinus_. The large fruit-eating bat is a great pest. Hornets attack all kinds of fruits and cause much loss. The chief cotton enemies are the cotton boll worm (_Earias insulana_), aphides and _Capnodium_. Locusts are no longer the formidable plague they were in the eighties. They are limited almost to the Famagusta district, where they annually breed and do a certain amount of damage to early cotton and to vegetable crops. If not vigilantly kept under control they would quickly multiply and become a serious danger. III. LIVE STOCK _Cattle_ The cattle of the country have been bred, until the last two or three years, exclusively for draught purposes. Cattle breeding as a business is unknown. Farmers, as a rule, aim only at raising a calf or two every year in order to maintain one or more yokes of oxen. Some of the draught animals are very fine (see Plate III, fig. 1, and Plate V, fig. 1). These belong mostly to the monasteries; one animal exhibited at a recent show measured over 17 hands. The race is presumably the result of many crossings with imported breeds, but has acquired a definite type. The cows are in colour and conformation not unlike Jerseys, but larger and without the udder development of that breed. The oxen have mostly a more or less pronounced hump, possibly acquired through many generations of progenitors used exclusively for draught purposes. In some of the best bulls this hump is particularly marked.