COLLECTING AND PRESERVING. NOTES ON COLLECTING AND PRESERVING NATURAL-HISTORY OBJECTS. BY J. E. Taylor, F.L.S., F.G.S. E. F. Elwin. Thos. Southwell, F.Z.S. Dr. Knaggs. E. C. Rye, F.Z.S. J. B. Bridgman. Professor Ralph Tate, F.G.S. Jas. Britten, F.L.S. Professor Buckman, F.G.S. Dr. Braithwaite, F.L.S. Worthington G. Smith, F.L.S. Rev. Jas. Crombie, F.L.S. W. H. Grattann. EDITED BY J. E. TAYLOR, PhD., F.L.S., F.G.S., &c. _NEW EDITION._ LONDON: W. H. ALLEN & CO., 13 WATERLOO PLACE. S.W. 1883. (_All rights reserved._) PREFACE. The following Essays were originally contributed to the pages of 'Science-Gossip,' by the various writers whose names they bear. From the constant queries relating to subjects of this kind, it was deemed advisable to furnish young or intending naturalists with such trustworthy information as would enable them to save time, and gain by the experience of others. For this purpose, the articles have been collected in their present portable form as a Handbook for beginners. _May, 1876._ CONTENTS. PAGE Preface v CHAPTER I. Geological Specimens, by J. E. Taylor, F.L.S., F.G.S. 1 CHAPTER II. Bones, by E. F. Elwin 16 CHAPTER III. Birds' Eggs, by T. Southwell, F.Z.S. 27 CHAPTER IV. Butterflies and Moths, by Dr. Knaggs 44 CHAPTER V. Beetles, by E. C. Rye, F.Z.S. 67 CHAPTER VI. Hymenoptera, by J. B. Bridgman 95 CHAPTER VII. Land and Freshwater Shells, by Professor Ralph Tate, F.G.S. 102 CHAPTER VIII. Flowering Plants and Ferns, by J. Britten, F.L.S. (_First Part_) 117 CHAPTER IX. Flowering Plants and Ferns, by J. Britten, F.L.S. (_Second Part_) 131 CHAPTER X. Grasses, &c., by Professor Buckman, F.G.S 139 CHAPTER XI. Mosses, by Dr. Braithwaite, F.L.S 145 CHAPTER XII. Fungi, by Worthington G. Smith, F.L.S 159 CHAPTER XIII. Lichens, by Rev. James Crombie, F.L.S 181 CHAPTER XIV. Seaweeds, by W. H. Grattann 195 Index 209 COLLECTING AND PRESERVING. I. GEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS. By J. E. Taylor, F.L.S., F.G.S.