To this end the sniper must be trained in the reading of maps, the making of sketches, the use of the prismatic compass, the simpler and more common conventional signs, and the rendering of both verbal and written reports. That the subject may not seem too large and formidable to him, his instruction should be progressive and as simple as possible, with due care to impress him with the necessity for everything he is required to do. The American soldier will rarely fail to respond if he can see the reasonableness of the demand made upon him. Let him see that his own life and that of his comrades may depend upon the accuracy of his knowledge of the following: 1. The location of our own front line and that of the enemy, so far as they are within his visual range. 2. The location of any known or suspected enemy sniper’s posts, machine-gun emplacements, observation posts, listening posts, command stations, or probable routes of advance. 3. The location and importance of dominating points in either line. 4. The importance of being able to pick out on the ground any points of special importance or danger indicated on sketches or maps turned over to him, and to determine from maps drawn to scale the ranges to such points. 5. How to find his way by the aid of a map or sketch from his post to any specified point in our own trenches, and back again. 6. The importance of being able to intelligibly record and graphically represent matters of importance to his commanding officer or to the sniper who is to relieve him. In this connection the special importance of exact truth in statements of fact, and of the careful separation of matters of fact from those of mere report or conjecture, should be duly stressed. Hearsay and conjecture are often of great importance, but should be transmitted as such, and in the case of conjecture the reasons therefor should be stated. The above are simply a few instances to suggest to the instructor how to go about the matter of instruction. Many men will be already familiar with the subject, and the method may be abridged, but in the case of an entirely uninstructed man a step-by-step method of instruction must be followed. The training should be such that it will be an entirely natural matter for the sniper to observe and report as to: 1. The attitude of the enemy (whether aggressive, alert, active, etc.). 2. Description of enemy seen, uniform, arms, etc. 3. Any new work evident; such as trenches and obstacles strengthened, new emplacements, etc. 4. Position of machine guns, observation posts, sniper posts, etc., discovered. 5. Points in our own lines found to be specially dangerous, and points of enemy line that menace them. 6. Routes known to be used by the enemy. 7. Routes of patrols. 8. Points where ammunition or supplies are believed to be dumped. 9. Ranges to prominent or important points. This information will be less likely to mislead if the following rules are observed: