Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciencesWhewell, William
Philosophy
Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences
Whewell, William
Science -- Philosophy
The Terminology of Mineralogy being thus reformed, an attempt was
made to improve its Nomenclature also, by following the example of
Botany. Professor Mohs was the proposer of this innovation. The
names framed by him were, however, not composed of two but of three
elements, designating respectively the Species, the Genus, and the
Order[15\4]: thus he has such species as {275} _Rhombohedral Lime
Haloide_, _Octahedral Fluor Haloide_, _Prismatic Hal Baryte_. These
names have not been generally adopted; nor is it likely that any
names constructed on such a scheme will find acceptance among
mineralogists, till the higher divisions of the system are found to
have some definite character. We see no real mineralogical
significance in Mohs's Genera and Orders, and hence we do not expect
them to retain a permanent place in the science.
[Note 15\4: _Hist. Ind. Sc._ b. xv. c. ix.]
The only systematic names which have hitherto been generally
admitted in Mineralogy, are those expressing the chemical
constitution of the substance; and these belong to a system of
technical terms different from any we have yet spoken of, namely to
terms formed by systematic modification.
III. The language of Chemistry was already, as we have seen, tending
to assume a systematic character, even under the reign of the
phlogiston theory. But when oxygen succeeded to the throne, it very
fortunately happened that its supporters had the courage and the
foresight to undertake a completely new and systematic recoinage of
the terms belonging to the science. The new nomenclature was
constructed upon a principle hitherto hardly applied in science, but
eminently commodious and fertile; namely, the principle of
indicating a modification of relations of elements, by a change in
the termination of the word. Thus the new chemical school spoke of
sulph_uric_ and sulph_urous_ acids; of sulph_ates_ and sulph_ites_
of bases; and of sulph_urets_ of metals; and in like manner, of
phos_phoric_ and phos_phorous_ acids, of phos_phates_, phos_phites_,
phos_phurets_. In this manner a nomenclature was produced, in which
the very name of a substance indicated at once its constitution and
place in the system.
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