Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciencesWhewell, William
Philosophy
Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences
Whewell, William
Science -- Philosophy
I will here quote some judicious remarks of Mr. Howard, which fall
partly under this Aphorism, and partly under some which follow. He
had proposed, as names for the kinds of clouds, the following:
_Cirrus_, _Cirrocumulus_, _Cirrostratus_, _Cumulostratus_,
_Cumulus_, _Nimbus_, _Stratus_. In an abridgment of his views, given
in the Supplement to the _Encyclopædia Britannica_, English names
were proposed as the equivalents of these; _Curlcloud_,
_Sondercloud_, _Wanecloud_, _Twaincloud_, _Stackencloud_,
_Raincloud_, _Fallcloud_. Upon these Mr. Howard observes: 'I mention
these, in order to have the opportunity of saying that I do not
adopt them. The names for the clouds which I deduced from the Latin,
are but seven in number, and very easy to remember. They were
intended as _arbitrary terms_ for the _structure_ of clouds, and the
meaning of them was carefully fixed by a definition. The observer
having once made himself master of this, was able to apply the term
with correctness, after a little experience, to the subject under
all its varieties of form, colour, or position. The {294} new names,
if meant to be another set of arbitrary terms, are superfluous; if
intended to convey in themselves an explanation in English, they
fail in this, by applying to some part or circumstance only of the
definition; the _whole_ of which must be kept in view to study the
subject with success. To take for an example the first of the
modifications. The term _cirrus_ very readily takes an abstract
meaning, equally applicable to the rectilinear as to the flexuous
forms of the subject. But the name of _curl-cloud_ will not, without
some violence to its _obvious sense_, acquire this more extensive
one: and will therefore be apt to mislead the reader rather than
further his progress. Others of these names are as devoid of a
meaning obvious to the English reader, as the Latin terms
themselves. But the principal objection to English or any other
local terms, remains to be stated. They take away from the
nomenclature its general advantage of constituting, as far as it
goes, an universal language, by means of which the intelligent of
every country may convey to each other their ideas without the
necessity of translation.'
I here adduce these as examples of the arguments against changing an
established nomenclature. As grounds of selecting a new one, they
may be taken into account hereafter.
APHORISM XI.
_Terms which imply theoretical views are admissible, as far as the
theory is proved._
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