Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciencesWhewell, William
Philosophy
Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences
Whewell, William
Science -- Philosophy
In like manner we may admit theoretical views into the descriptive
phraseology of other parts of Natural History: and the theoretical
terms will replace the obvious images, in proportion as the theory
is generally accepted and familiarly applied. For example, in
speaking of the Honeysuckle, we may say that the upper leaves are
_perfoliate_, meaning that a single round leaf is perforated by the
stalk, or threaded upon it. Here is an image which sufficiently
conveys the notion of the form. But it is now generally recognized
that this apparent single leaf is, in fact, two opposite leaves
joined together at their bases. If this were doubted, it may be
proved by comparing the upper leaves with the lower, which are
really separate and opposite. Hence the term _connate_ is applied to
these conjoined opposite leaves, implying that they grow together;
or they are called _connato-perfoliate_. Again; formerly the corolla
was called _monopetalous_ or _polypetalous_, as it consisted of one
part or of several: but it is now agreed among botanists that those
corollas which {301} appear to consist of a single part, are, in
fact, composed of several soldered together; hence the term
_gamopetalous_ is now employed (by De Candolle and his followers)
instead of monopetalous[36\4].
[Note 36\4: On this subject, see Illiger, _Versuch einer
Systematischen Vollständigen Terminologie für das Thierreich und
Pflanzenreich_ (1810). De Candolle, _Théorie Élémentaire de la
Botanique_.]
In this way the language of Natural History not only expresses, but
inevitably implies, general laws of nature; and words are thus
fitted to aid the progress of knowledge in this, as in other
provinces of science.
APHORISM XII.
_If terms are systematically good, they are not to be rejected
because they are etymologically inaccurate._
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