Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciencesWhewell, William
Philosophy
Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences
Whewell, William
Science -- Philosophy
The last or lowest class is the _Fishes_, in which province Cuvier has
himself been the great systematist, and has therefore had to devise
many new terms. Many of these are of Greek or Latin origin, and can
be anglicized by the analogies already pointed out, as
_Chondropterygians_, _Malacopterygians_, _Lophobranchs_,
_Plectognaths_, _Gymnodonts_, _Scleroderms_. _Discoboles_ and
_Apodes_ may be English as well as French. There are other cases in
which the author has formed the names of Families, either by forming
a word in _ides_ from the name of a genus, as _Gadoides_,
_Gobiöides_, or by gallicizing the Latin name of the genus, as
_Salmones_ from _Salmo_, _Clupes_ from _Clupea_, _Ésoces_ from
_Esox_, _Cyprins_ from _Cyprinus_. In these cases Agassiz's
favourite form of names for families of fishes has led English
writers to use the words _Gadoids_, _Gobioids_, _Salmonoids_,
_Clupeoids_, _Lucioids_ (for _Ésoces_), _Cyprinoids_, &c. There is a
taint of hybridism in this termination, but it is attended with this
advantage, that it has begun to be characteristic of the
nomenclature of family groups in the class _Pisces_. One of the
orders of fishes, co-ordinate with the Chondropterygians and the
Lophobranchs, is termed _Osseux_ by Cuvier. It appears hardly worth
while to invent a substantive word for this, when _Bony Fishes_ is
so simple a phrase, and may readily be understood as a technical
name of a systematic order.
The Mollusks are the next Class; and these are divided into
_Cephallopods_, _Gasteropods_, and the like. The Gasteropods are
_Nudibranchs_, _Inferobranchs_, {336} _Tectibranchs,_
_Pectinibranchs_, _Scutibranchs_, and _Cyclobranchs_. In framing
most of these terms Cuvier has made hybrids by a combination of a
Latin word with _branchiæ_ which is the Greek name for the gills of
a fish; and has thus avoided loading the memory with words of an
origin not obvious to most naturalists, as terms derived from the
Greek would have been. Another division of the Gasteropods is
_Pulmonés_, which we must make _Pulmonians_. In like manner the
subdivisions of the Pectinibranchs are the _Trochoidans_ and
_Buccinoidans_, (_Trochoïdes_, _Buccinoïdes)_. The _Acéphales_,
another order of Mollusks, may be _Acephals_ in English.
After these comes the third grand division, _Articulated Animals_,
and these are _Annelidans_, _Crustaceans,_ _Arachnidans_, and
_Insects_. I shall not dwell upon the names of these, as the form of
English words which is to be selected must be sufficiently obvious
from the preceding examples.
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