Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciencesWhewell, William
Philosophy
Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences
Whewell, William
Science -- Philosophy
Terminations are well adapted to express definite systematic
relations, such as those of chemistry, but they must be employed
with a due regard to all the bearings of the system. Davy proposed
to denote the combinations of other substances with chlorine by
peculiar terminations; using _ane_ for the smallest proportion of
Chlorine, and _anea_ for the larger, as Cupr_ane_, Cupr_anea_. In
this nomenclature, common salt would be _Sodane_, and Chloride of
Nitrogen would be _Azotane_. This suggestion never found favour. It
was {341} objected that it was contrary to the Linnæan precept, that
a specific name must not be united to a generic termination. But
this was not putting the matter exactly on its right ground; for the
rules of nomenclature of natural history do not apply to chemistry;
and the Linnæan rule might with equal propriety have been adduced as
a condemnation of such terms as Sulphur_ous_, Sulphur_ic_. But
Davy's terms were bad; for it does not appear that Chlorine enters,
as Oxygen does, into so large a portion of chemical compounds, that
its relations afford a key to their nature, and may properly be made
an element in their names.
This resource, of terminations, has been abused, wherever it has
been used wantonly, or without a definite significance in the
variety. This is the case in M. Beudant's Mineralogy. Among the
names which he has given to new species, we find the following
(besides many in _ite_), Scolexer_ose_, Opsim_ose_, Exanthel_ose_,
&c.; Diacr_ase_, Panab_ase_, Neopl_ase_; Neocl_ese_; Rhodo_ise_,
Stibicon_ise_, &c.; Marcel_ine_, Wilhelm_ine_, &c.; Exit_ele_, and
many others. In addition to other objections which might be made to
these names, their variety is a material defect: for to make this
variety depend on caprice alone, as in those cases it does, is to
throw away a resource of which chemical nomenclature may teach us
the value.
APHORISM XXII.
_When alterations in technical terms become necessary, it is
desirable that the new term should contain in its form some memorial
of the old one._
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