Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciencesWhewell, William
Philosophy
Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences
Whewell, William
Science -- Philosophy
6. The example of chemistry has shown that we have in the
terminations of words a resource of which great use may be made in
indicating the relations of certain classes of objects: as
sulphur_ous_ and sulphur_ic_ acids; sulph_ates_, sulph_ites_, and
sulph_urets_. Since the introduction of the artifice by the
Lavoisierian school, it has been extended to some new cases. The
Chlor_ine_, Fluor_ine_, Brom_ine_, Iod_ine_, had their names put
into that shape in consequence of their supposed analogy: and for
the same reason have been termed Chlore, {340} Phlore, Brome, Iode,
by French chemists. In like manner, the names of metals in their
Latin form have been made to end in _um_, as Osmium, Palladium; and
hence it is better to say Platin_um_, Molybden_um_, than Platin_a_,
Molybden_a_. It has been proposed to term the basis of Boracic acid
Bor_on_; and those who conceive that the basis of Silica has an
analogy with Boron have proposed to term it Silic_on_, while those
who look upon it as a metal would name it Silic_ium_. Seleni_um_ was
so named when it was supposed to be a metal: as its analogies are
now acknowledged to be of another kind, it would be desirable, if
the change were not too startling, to term it Sel_en_, as it is in
German. Phosph_orus_ in like manner might be Phosph_ur_, which would
indicate its analogy with Sulph_ur_.
The resource which terminations offer has been applied in other
cases. The names of many species of minerals end in _lite_, or
_ite_, as Stauro_lite_, Aug_ite_. Hence Adolphe Brongniart, in order
to form a name for a genus of fossil plants, has given this
termination to the name of the recent genus which they nearly
resemble, as Zam_ites_, from Zamia, Lycopod_ites_ from Lycopodium.
Names of different genera which differ in termination only are
properly condemned by Linnæus[58\4]; as _Alsine_, _Alsinoides_,
_Alsinella_, _Alsinastrum_; for there is no definite relation marked
by those terminations. Linnæus gives to such genera distinct names,
_Alsine_, _Bufonia_, _Sagina_, _Elatine_.
[Note 58\4: _Phil. Bot._ 231.]
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