Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciencesWhewell, William
Philosophy
Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences
Whewell, William
Science -- Philosophy
I may also, in reference to this same passage in Mr. Owen's appeal
in behalf of his terminology, repeat what I have said under Aphorism
X.: that the persons who may most properly propose new scientific
terms, are those who have much new knowledge to communicate: so that
the vehicle is commended to general reception by the value of what
it contains. It is only to eminent discoverers and profound
philosophers that the authority is conceded of introducing a new
system of terms; just as it is only the highest authority in the
state which has the power of putting a new coinage into circulation.
The long series of investigations of which the results are contained
in Mr. Owen's table of synonyms, and the philosophical spirit of his
generalizations, entitles him to a most respectful hearing when he
appeals to the Professors and Demonstrators of Human Anatomy for an
unbiassed consideration of the advantages of the terms proposed by
him, as likely to remedy the conflicting and unsettled synonymy
which has hitherto pervaded the subject.
There is another remark which is suggested by the works on
Comparative Anatomy, which I am now considering. I have said in
various places that Technical {355} Terms are a necessary condition
of the progress of a science. But we may say much more than this:
and the remark is so important, that it deserves to be stated as one
of our Aphorisms, as follows:
APHORISM XXV.
_In an advanced Science, the history of the Language of the Science
is the history of the Science itself._
I HAVE already stated in previous Aphorisms (VIII. and XI.) that
Terms must be constructed so as to be fitted to enunciate general
propositions, and that Terms which imply theoretical views are
admissible for this purpose. And hence it happens that the history
of Terms in any science which has gone through several speculative
stages, is really the history of the generalizations and theories
which have had currency among the cultivators of the science.
This appears in Comparative Anatomy from what we have been saying.
The recent progress of that science is involved in the rise and
currency of the Terms which have been used by the anatomists whose
synonyms Mr. Owen has to discuss; and the reasons for selecting
among these, or inventing others, include those truths and
generalizations which are the important recent steps of the science.
The terms which are given by Mr. Owen in his table to denote the
bones of the head are good terms, _if_ they _are_ good terms,
because their adoption and use is the only complete way of
expressing the truths of homology: namely, of that Special Homology,
according to which all vertebrate skeletons are referred to the
human skeleton as their type, and have their parts designated
accordingly.
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