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Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciencesWhewell, William

Philosophy

Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences

Name: Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences
Author: Whewell, William

Whewell, William

Science -- Philosophy

CHAP. V. OF CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTIFIC INDUCTION       70
  _Sect._ I. _Invention a part of Induction._
    _Art._  1. Induction the source of Knowledge.
            2. Induction involves a New Element.
            3. Meaning of Induction.
            4. The New Element is soon forgotten.
            5. Induction includes a Definition and a Proposition.
  _Sect._ II. _Use of Hypotheses._
    _Art._  6. Discoveries made by Guesses,
            7. Which must be compared with Facts.
            8. Hypotheses are suspected.
            9. Hypotheses may be useful though inaccurate.
  _Sect._ III. _Tests of Hypotheses._
    _Art._ 10. True Hypotheses foretel Phenomena,
           11. Even of different kinds.--Consilience of Inductions.
{xvi}
    _Art._ 12. True Theories tend to Simplicity.
           13. Connexion of the last Tests.

CHAP. VI. OF THE LOGIC OF INDUCTION                               97
    _Art._  1. Steps of Generalization,
            2. May be expressed by _Tables_.
            3. Which exhibit Inductive Steps;
            4. And the Consilience of Inductions;
            5. And the tendency to Simplicity;
            6. And the names of Discoverers;
            7. And the Verifications of Theory;
            8. By means of several easy steps.
            9. This resembles Book-keeping.
           10. The Logic of Induction.
           11. Attention at each step required.
           12. General Truths are not mere additions of
                 particulars:
           13. But a new view is introduced.
           14. Formula of Inductive Logic:
           15. May refer to Definition.
           16. Formula inadequate.
           17. Deductive Connexion of Steps.
           18. Relation of Deductive and Inductive Reasoning.
           19. The Criterion of Truth.
           20. Theory and Fact.
           21. Higher and Lower Generalizations.

CHAP. VII. OF LAWS OF PHENOMENA AND OF CAUSES                    118
    _Art._  1. Knowledge of Laws of Phenomena.
            2. _Formal_ and _Physical_ Sciences.
            3. Causes in Astronomy.
            4. Different Mechanical Causes in other Sciences.
            5. Chemical and Vital Forces as Causes.
            6. Difference of these kinds of Force.
            7. Difficulty of conceiving new Causes.
            8. Men willingly take old Causes.
            9. Is the Magnetic Fluid real?
           10. Are Causes to be sought? (Comte's Doctrine.)
           11. Both Laws and Causes to be studied.
{xvii}

CHAP. VIII. OF ART AND SCIENCE                                   129
    _Art._  1. Art precedes Science.
            2. Contrast of Art and Science.
            3. Instinct and Insight.
            4. Difference of Art and Instinct.
            5. Does Art involve Science?
            6. Science unfolds Principles.
            7. Science may improve Art.
            8. Arts not classified with Sciences.

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Novum organon renovatum: Being the second part of the philosophy of the inductive sciences

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