Now when the people of each and every State did “ordain and establish” a new form of government which was to be supreme over the constitution, that is the government of their particular State, and imposed upon every legislative, executive, and judicial officer of their own State an oath to support that government, where is the right of a State to question? Over what is the United States supreme if not over States? Why should an oath have been required to support that supremacy over State governments unless to make that supremacy certain, and resistance to or question of it criminal? Those who made and established the government knew of the oath that is required by State governments of their officers to support their constitutions, and they would not have required this additional oath if the two oaths could have conflicted, or if there could have been any doubt that the obligations required by a State government were to be subordinated to the supreme powers and laws of the general government. Then to prevent the government from being encroached upon by the States the judicial power was given to the United States over all cases arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, its treaties, and cases affecting ambassadors, etc. So, as Webster declared, no State law or judicial decision of a State could interfere. By this clause the United States courts had the right, which they have uniformly and very often exercised, from the beginning of our government until this day, of taking from the jurisdiction of the State courts all and every case in which the construction of a United States law came in question or where the legality of the act of any United States official was concerned.