For the past fifteen years Germany has carried on medical inspection of schools in a very thorough and efficient manner. This has drawn special attention to backward children. These children are treated there in special classes and sometimes in special schools. The quantity of instruction given them is reduced and every endeavor is made to increase its effectiveness. The classes are taught by capable teachers and the children have the benefit of suitable dietary, bathing and other hygienic provisions. In Charlottenburg, in 1904, there were a large number of backward children who were about to be removed from the ordinary elementary schools to special classes. When examined, it was found that many of them were in a debilitated condition owing to anaemia, or various other ailments in an incipient stage. This circumstance afforded an ideal opportunity for the co-operation of the teacher and the school physician in devising and operating, for such children, an Open Air School. The general school regime was modified to meet the educational and physical needs of these children, the treatment consisting, as above stated, of abundance of fresh air, pleasant and hygienic surroundings, careful supervision, wholesome food and judicious exercise. The ordinary school work was modified to meet the individual condition of children; the hours of teaching were cut in two and the classes so reduced that no teacher had more than twenty-five pupils under her care. The site chosen for the first school in Charlottenburg was a large pine forest on the outskirts of the town. The sum of $8,000 was granted by the municipality for carrying out the plan, and inexpensive but suitable wooden buildings were erected. At first ninety-five children were admitted to the school, but later the number was increased to 120, and still later to 250. These children were mainly anaemic or suffering from slight pulmonary, heart or scrofulous conditions. Those suffering from acute or communicable diseases were rigidly excluded. Of the five buildings erected, three were plain sheds about 81 feet long and 18 feet wide, one of them being completely open on the south side and closed on the other sides, of sufficient size to shelter during rainy weather about 200 children. The other two sheds contained five classrooms and a teachers' room. These were closed in on all sides, provided with heating arrangements, and used for classrooms during very cold or unpleasant weather, only one of the buildings was fitted with tables and benches intended for meals, or for work in inclement weather. This building was open on all sides. All over the school grounds, which were fenced in, there were small sheds open on all sides, fitted with tables and benches to accommodate from four to six children. These served as shelters. There were small buildings for shower baths, kitchen and a separate shed where the wraps of the boys and girls were kept. In these were individual lockers which contained numbered