Because nursing is a way of living caring in the world, the nurse can
turn his or her attention to personal patterns of nursing as expressions
of caring. As self understanding as caring person accrues, the nurse
sometimes realizes that such self-awareness was there all along--it
was only waiting to be discovered. Because many nurses were trained to
overlook their caring ways instead of attending to them, nurses may now
need something similar to, or indeed "sensitivity training" itself,
to rediscover and reown the possibilities of self as caring person,
possibilities specific to nursing as a profession and a discipline. This
redirection of focus away from caring may have been related to several
historical social movements. First, of course, is the move toward
science, which for nursing meant that for a period of several decades
nursing education seemed to reject, either partially or totally, the art
of nursing in order to discover a scientific base for practice. Another
related process, the technology movement, led nurses to understand care
as a series of sequential actions designed to accomplish a specifiable
end. In this context, nursing care became synonymous with managing
available technologies. Third, there existed in the history of nursing
education an era(s) in which nurses were taught to treat symptoms
patients expressed, rather than to care for the person. Fourth,
maintaining a professional distance was a hallmark of professionalism.
Now, and rightly so, the tide has turned. A reawakening of knowing self
as caring person becomes paramount so that the profession of nursing
returns caring to the immediacy of the nursing situation.
With personal awareness and reflection, developed knowledge of caring
also arrives through empirical, ethical, and aesthetic modes of knowing.
There is a growing body of literature in nursing that both attests
to that fact and to the process of how nurses communicate caring in
practice (e.g., Riemen, I 986a, 1986b; Knowlden, 1986; Swanson-Kauffman,
1986a, 1986b; Swanson, 1990; Kahn and Steeves, 1988). Given the various
perspectives offered by the authors just mentioned, the individual nurse
can enhance his or her ethical self-development as a caring person by
cultivating the practice of weighing the various meanings of caring
now extant in actual practice situations and then by making choices to
express caring creatively. In pursuit of this end, aesthetic knowing
often subsumes and transcends other forms of knowing and thus may
offer the richest mode of knowing caring. Appreciating structure,
form, harmony, and complementarity across a range of situated caring
expressions enhances knowing self and other as caring persons.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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