Observations on the Diseases of SeamenBlane, Gilbert, Sir
History
Observations on the Diseases of Seamen
Blane, Gilbert, Sir
Medicine, Naval -- Early Works To 1800; Sailors -- Diseases
Nature has made man so defenceless, that even the rudest nations, in
the hottest climates, in general, adopt some sort of covering to guard
themselves from the weather. We may affirm, that clothing is the most
artificial circumstance in the life of man; and there is none, of which
the errors subject him to more inconvenience and hardship. Insensible
perspiration is performed by the pores of the skin, and being one of
the most important functions of the body, the suppression of it seems
to be one of the principal causes, or at least one of the most frequent
attendants on feverish and inflammatory complaints; and one of the most
common causes of this suppression is the application of cold to the
skin.
In order to keep up perspiration, it is necessary that the orifices
of the pores of the skin should be bathed, as it were, in the vapour
already secreted from them; and clothing seems to act in confining
this, as well as in preventing the escape of the natural heat and the
access of the external air. Though the air should not be cold, it will
check perspiration by carrying off this vapour and drying the skin.
In the warmest climates exposure of the skin to the external air is
unsafe; for it not only produces a feverish and uneasy sensation at
the time, but occasions the most dangerous internal disorders. In
consequence of the great sensibility and sympathy of the body, and from
the pores of the skin being open in a warm climate, exposure is in some
respects even more dangerous than in a cold one. Nothing is more apt to
bring on the locked jaw and tetanus than sleeping in the open air; and
it was observed in Jamaica, that when it was the custom to wear cotton
and linen clothes, the dry belly-ache was much more common than now
that it is the custom to wear woollen cloth.
We know besides, that the pores of the skin can absorb not only the
moisture that floats in the atmosphere, but a variety of foreign
bodies, whether noxious or medicinal, which may be applied to their
orifices; and as the air is in certain places loaded with noxious
matter, may not clothing be considered as a filter, as it were, to
separate the impurities of the air before it comes in contact with the
surface of the body?
It is therefore every where of the utmost consequence that sufficient
and suitable clothing should be provided.
It would certainly be for the benefit of the service that an uniform
should be established for the common men as well as for the officers.
This would oblige them at all times to have in their possession
a quantity of decent apparel, subject to the inspection of their
superiors. It would also be less easy to dispose of their clothes for
money without detection, and desertion would also thereby be rendered
more difficult.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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