[11] _Khan_, 'lord', 'prince', specially applied to persons of Mughal or Pathan descent. [12] _Bahadur_, 'champion', a Mongol term; see Yule, _Hobson-Jobson_[2], 48 ff. [13] _Nawab_, 'a deputy, delegate': the Anglo-Indian Nabob (ibid., 610 ff.). [14] _Muharram_, 'that which is forbidden', the first month of the Musalman year, the first ten days of which are occupied with this mourning festival. [15] By his wife Ja'dah, who was suborned to commit the deed by Yazid. [16] Yazid, son of Mu'awiyah, the second Caliph of the house of Umaiyah, who reigned from A.D. 679 to 683. Gibbon (_Decline and Fall_, ed. W. Smith, vi. 278) calls him 'a feeble and dissolute youth'. [17] Kerbala, Karbala, a city of Iraq, 50 miles south-west of Baghdad, and about 6 miles from the Euphrates. [18] Syria. [19] _Sunni_, Ahlu's-Sunnah, 'one of the Path', a traditionalist. The Sunnis accept the first four Caliphs, Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Usman, 'Ali, as the rightful successors of Muhammad, and follow the six authentic books of the traditions. The Shi'ahs, 'followers' of 'Ali, maintain that he was the first legitimate Imam or Caliph, i.e. successor of the Prophet. For a full account of the martyrdom of Husain see Simon Ockley, _History of the Saracens_ (1848), 287 ff.; Sir L. Pelly, _The Miracle Play of Hasan and Husain_ (1879), Preface, v ff. [20] _Imam._ [21] Muslim. [22] _Qazi_, a Muhammadan law officer. [23] _Karwan_, a caravan. [24] al-Hurr. [25] This term is obscure. Jaffur Shurreef (_Qanoon-e-Islam_, 107) says the plain of the martyrdom was called 'Mareea'. For 'Hurth' Prof. E.G. Browne suggests _hirth_, 'a ploughed field', or _ard_, 'land'. Sir C. Lyall suggests Al-hirah, the old Arabian capital which stood near the site of the later Kufah. [26] Qasim. [27] Sakinah, Hebrew Shechinah; Koobraah, _Kibriya_, 'noble'. [28] The Euphrates is called in Sumerian _pura-num_, 'Great water', whence Purat, Purattu in Semitic Babylonian; Perath in Hebrew; Frat or Furat in Arabic. [29] 'Abbas, son of 'Ali. [30] _Mashk_, _Mashak_, the Anglo-Indian Mussuck, a leathern skin for conveying water, in general use amongst Musalmans at this day in India; it is composed of the entire skin of a goat, properly prepared. When filled with water it resembles a huge porpoise, on the back of the beeshtie [Bhishti] (water-carrier). [_Author._] [31] _Kora_, the fresh juice of _Aloe vera_, said to be cathartic and cooling. [32] _Sirki_ (_Saccharum ciliare_). [33] _Sabil_: see Burton, _Pilgrimage_, Memorial ed., i. 286. [34] Shimar, whose name now means 'contemptible' among Shi'ahs.