The patient should be placed in bed, on a douche pan, with knees flexed and well separated; gown tucked up under her arms; draped with a sheet or the bedding folded down to her knees according to the extent of the area to be prepared; and the articles needed for the preparation arranged on a table at the bedside. The nurse should trim her nails, scrub her hands with soap and hot water; shave the vulva, supra-pubic region and inner surface of the thighs and rinse with sterile water. In shaving the vulva, the strokes should be from above downward, greatest care being taken not to allow hair, soap or water to enter the vaginal opening. She should then scrub her hands vigorously for three minutes, scrubbing about the nails with especial thoroughness. Some obstetricians have the entire area from the umbilicus to the knees prepared as for an operation, while others prepare only the supra-pubic region, inner surface of the thighs and the vulva. The number and kind of solutions which are used in this preparation also vary greatly, but in general the shaving is followed by a thorough scrubbing, by clean hands, with green soap and sterile water, then iodin, lysol or alcohol and bichlorid or biniodid solution, according to the custom of the doctor. (Fig. 74.) But the kind and number of the solutions are probably not so important as the nurse’s technique. Throughout the entire course of the preparation she must apply the principles of what she was taught about the technique of preparing the skin for an operation and regard the perineal region in the same light as she would the field which was being prepared for a major operation; scrubbing from the centre toward the periphery, always, in order not to carry infective material from an unclean to a clean area, which in this case is the vaginal outlet. [Illustration: FIG. 74.—Bathing the vulva preparatory to vaginal examination or delivery. (From photograph taken at Johns Hopkins Hospital.) ] The supra-pubic region and abdomen are scrubbed across, back and forth, working up from the symphysis; the strokes on the thighs are up and down; in the groin, down toward the rectum, and away from the vagina, _never toward it_, and fluids poured upon the vulval region must never run into the vagina from over surrounding skin. A sponge or scrub ball must be discarded after approaching the rectum, or stroking away from the vagina in any direction. Some obstetricians instruct the nurse to place a firm, sterile cotton pad or scrub ball between the labia, against the vaginal opening while scrubbing and flushing the adjacent areas, to preclude the possibility of introducing fluids. But with a painstaking nurse this is scarcely necessary. [Illustration: FIG. 75.—Patient draped for vaginal examination; vulva covered with sterile towel. (From photograph taken at Johns Hopkins Hospital.) ]