CHAPTER XVIII.--Portuguese Navigation under Emmanuel--Popular Prejudices--The Lusind of Camoens--Vasco da Gama--Maps of Africa of the Period--Preparations for an Indian Voyage--Religious Ceremonies--The Departure--Rendezvous at the Cape Verds--Landing upon the Coast--The Natives--An Invitation to Dinner, and its Consequences--A Storm--Mutiny--The Spectre of the Cape 179 CHAPTER XIX.--Da Gama and the Negroes--The Hottentots and Caffres--Adventure with an Albatross--The River of Good Promise--Mozambique--Treachery of the Natives--Mombassa--Melinda, and its Amiable King--Festivities--The Malabar Coast--Calicut--The Route to the Indies discovered 189 CHAPTER XX.--The Moors in Hindostan--Condition of the Country upon the Arrival of Da Gama--Hostility of the Moors--They prejudice the King of Calicut against the Portuguese--Consequent Hostilities--Da Gama sets out upon his Return--Wild Cinnamon-A Moorish Pirate disguised as an Italian Christian--A Tempestuous Voyage--Wreck of the San Rafael--Honors and Titles bestowed upon Da Gama--An Expedition fitted out under Alvarez Cabral--Accidental Discovery of Brazil--Comets and Water-Spouts--Loss of Four Vessels--A Bazaar established at Calicut--Attack by the Moors--Cabral withdraws to Cochin--Visits Cananor and takes in a Load of Cinnamon--Is received with Coldness upon his Return--Vasco da Gama recalled into the Service by the King--His Achievements at Sofala, Cananor, and Calicut--He hangs Fifty Indians at the Yard-Arm--Protects Cochin and threatens Calicut--Withdraws to Private Life 197 CHAPTER XXI.--Spread of the Portuguese East Indian Empire--Alphonzo d'Albuquerque--Immense Sacrifice of Life--Ancient Route of the Spice-Trade with Europe--Commerce by Caravans--Revolution produced by opening the New Route--Francesco Almeida--Discovery of Ceylon--Tristan d'Acunha--The Portuguese Mars--His Views of Empire--An Arsenal established at Goa--Reduction of Malacca--Siam and Sumatra send Embassies to Albuquerque--The Island of Ormuz--Death of Albuquerque--Extent of the Portuguese Dominion--Ormuz becomes the great Emporium of the East--Fall of the Portuguese Empire 207