Georgia -- Antiquities; Mounds -- Georgia; Ocmulgee National Monument (Ga.)
[Illustration: Fiber-tempered pottery might be only a crude beginning of
the potter’s art, but even these vessels were large and strong enough to
be highly useful. Width, 15 inches.]
No sizable shell mounds of these Archaic peoples, as they are known to
the archeologist, have been found in the central-Georgia area. Numerous
sites occur here, however, which contain no pottery but are littered
with scraps of worked flint and where large numbers of the heavy Archaic
projectile points are plowed up annually. At other sites, including
those on the Macon Plateau, these points are found with a considerable
quantity of the distinctive fiber-tempered pottery. It appears,
therefore, that the Shellfish Eaters proper were a limited portion of
the population of that era and that others with just about the same
material equipment followed the old hunting and gathering life in
temporary camps. The shell heaps themselves were occupied for rather
brief periods by single groups of people. Possibly the large shell
mounds represent an annual camping spot for numerous groups who used
them successively and at other times of the year lived chiefly on game
or along the smaller rivers where shellfish were available but not in
such vast quantities. This would account for the smaller accumulations
of shells in some areas; and it could be that recent changes in the
courses of such rivers as the Ocmulgee and the Oconee, brought about by
industrial activity and flood control measures, have resulted in the
obliteration of small heaps of this sort.
In any case, it appears that the Macon Plateau had again demonstrated
its advantages as a habitation site, and that a people with a material
culture similar to that of the Shellfish Eaters dwelt here at intervals
during the period 2000 B. C. to 100 B. C. Their residence was not
continuous for very long at any one time, however, since their lives
depended on hunting. Instead they probably moved about over a fairly
large area, returning every so often to the familiar banks of the
Ocmulgee to set up their village again and to hunt the surrounding
region until the game once more became scarce.
[Illustration: Simple stumping, as in this Mossy Oak jar, often appears
like crude scratching. Height, 10 inches.]
[Illustration: The woven basketry fabric which produced these
impressions is among the earliest recorded in eastern North America.]
Potmaking Becomes an Art
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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