Georgia -- Antiquities; Mounds -- Georgia; Ocmulgee National Monument (Ga.)
This platform, on the west side of the lodge and extending from the wall
almost to the sunken central fire pit, is the most remarkable feature of
all. Slightly higher than the bench, it forms an eagle effigy strongly
reminiscent of a number of such effigies embossed on copper plates which
are a part of the paraphernalia of the Southern Cult religion, to be
described in a later section. Surface modeling of the tapering body
section may once have been present, but is now so much obliterated that
only a sort of scalloped effect across the shoulders can be made out.
Nevertheless this feature is present on at least two of the plates
mentioned, one from the Etowah site in north Georgia and the other from
central Illinois. Moreover both of these figures, which represent the
spotted eagle, are distinguished by the same, almost square, shape of
the body and wings with only a slight taper from their base toward the
shoulder. Finally, the head of the platform eagle is almost entirely
filled with a clear representation of the “forked eye,” which is
presented also, though in smaller scale, on the two figures in question,
and is a distinctive symbol of the Southern Cult. The entire ceremonial
chamber has been reconstructed on the basis of burned portions of the
original which were uncovered by excavation. It forms one of the
principal exhibits of the monument, and represents a unique
archeological treasure.
Other structures uncovered included a small circular hut framed with
poles and containing a large fireplace, out of all proportion to the
size of the building. This was evidently a sweathouse where steam was
produced by throwing water on heated stones; but it is not known whether
this common form of purification was related to their religion or merely
a sanitary feature of the village life. At the west edge of the village
the tribal chiefs and religious leaders were buried in great log tombs
where from one to seven bodies, possibly those of wives and retainers,
were deposited with masses of shell beads and other ornaments befitting
their rank. Over the whole was raised a low flat-topped mound with 14
clay steps leading to the summit.
[Illustration: Fourteen clay steps, buried under later mound
construction, led up the west slope of the earliest funeral mound to its
summit.]
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