Georgia -- Antiquities; Mounds -- Georgia; Ocmulgee National Monument (Ga.)
In time, other changes began to mark the village of the Master Farmers.
The temples, built originally at ground level, were rebuilt
occasionally; and with the leveling of the old building to make way for
the new the surrounding ground surface was raised at first into a small
platform. Gradually this platform was increased in height and size until
the mound at the south side of the village was some 300 feet broad at
the base and almost 50 feet high. The other temple mounds grew in a
similar fashion but were either started later or were less important and
so never achieved as great a size. The earthlodges, too, were sometimes
rebuilt and often on the same site; but no attempt was made to increase
their elevation. The funeral mound, however, followed the pattern of the
others; and in each new layer of the seven there were fresh burials of
the village leaders, and on top of each a new wooden structure which may
have been connected with the preparation of the dead for their final
rites. In the later stages, too, the flat summit area was surrounded by
an enclosure of wooden posts.
[Illustration: The structure atop the funeral mound may have been for
preparing corpses for burial. From Museum exhibit.]
At the northwest corner of the village lay a cultivated field which
surrounded the site of one of the earlier temples. This was no ordinary
field since most of these must have lain in the bottom land below the
village. From its position, then, could we infer some sacred purpose,
possibly to create an offering to the spirits, or by the power in its
seed absorbed from the surroundings to increase the yield of the
villagers’ crops? In any case, the mounds for succeeding structures were
gradually raised above it; and by this act the rows were buried and thus
preserved as conclusive proof of the advanced state of culture which the
Master Farmers had achieved.
The construction of all these mounds and earthlodges required a large
amount of material as well as innumerable man-hours of labor. Two series
of great linked pits, averaging about 7 feet deep and 18 by 40 feet in
area, seem to indicate that the earth was obtained immediately outside
the main village limits, for they have been traced around considerable
portions of its north and south borders. They do not enclose the entire
area occupied by the temple mounds, though, because at least three of
these mounds lie outside their confines today; others were destroyed in
the construction of Fort Hawkins and the adjacent portions of East Macon
a little farther to the north. It is not unlikely that the irregular
ditches formed by these pits served also as a protection against raids
on the village; for otherwise, why would their course have outlined the
village area so closely?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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