Georgia -- Antiquities; Mounds -- Georgia; Ocmulgee National Monument (Ga.)
After the mound village at Ocmulgee was abandoned we lose the thread of
Indian history in this area for about 250 years. When we pick it up
again in the _Reconquest_ period, it is at a new village some 3 miles
down the river. Much had happened in the meantime, though; and we are
able to piece together a good bit of the story.
In the first place, it is clear that the Master Farmers had been only a
small group which had settled in this one small section of Georgia; and
that the Early Farmers did not leave Georgia when they gave up their
settlements along the Ocmulgee. We cannot say for certain either that
they even quit the valley entirely. Their distinctive pottery seems to
have continued the course of development already outlined, but during
the interval a variety of new influences came in from other regions to
produce a number of striking changes. Noteworthy among these were the
“carinated” bowl form and incised and pinched or punctate decoration
around the shoulder or rim. In its extreme form the first of these may
be described as a shallow bowl with flaring sides which abruptly turn
inward to form a distinct shoulder and inward-sloping rim. The angle
thus produced may be as sharp as 90°, and the shoulder itself may vary
from abrupt to more or less gently rounded. It is this flattened rim
which normally bears the broad, deep incised-line decoration in the form
of scrolls alternating with nested flat-topped pyramids or with inverted
chevrons, all worked into a continuous pattern similar to the Greek
fret. Below the shoulder, the body of the bowl still carries the old
complicated stamping, but gradually the pattern becomes less distinct
and the paddle is applied several times to the same spot. It is even
impossible sometimes to make out any design whatever in the overall
roughening.
Another new element is to be found in a series of notches, bosses, or
circular impressions which are applied just below the lip on jars or
bowls with only complicated stamping, or at the point of the shoulder on
“bold incised” vessels. The lip of most vessel shapes, except the
carinated bowl, is thickened by folding or with an added strip of clay,
and it is the lower edge of this band which is often pinched or
otherwise worked to produce a notched or beaded effect. On the carinated
bowls there is commonly a line of circular impressions made with the end
of a piece of cane or other hollow tube situated on the point or bend of
the shoulder to separate the area of incised decoration from the body
stamping below. Circles of this sort are sometimes used in place of the
beading around the rim.
[Illustration: Pottery bowl showing carinated shoulder, bold incising,
complicated stamping, and reed punctates typical of Lamar Bold Incised.
Diameter, 16 inches.]
[Illustration: Lamar Complicated Stamped jar. Clearly defined stamping
more common in early Lamar period. Height, 9¼ inches.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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