Of Medicine, in Eight BooksCelsus, Aulus Cornelius
History
Of Medicine, in Eight Books
Celsus, Aulus Cornelius
Medicine, Greek and Roman
and is placed betwixt the spleen and liver, each of these going a
little over it. There are also some fine membranes, by which these
three are connected together, and are joined to the transverse septum
above-mentioned. After that the lower part of the stomach turning
a little to the right side grows narrower, till it meet the first
intestine. This juncture the Greeks call pylorus[BY]; because like
a gate it emits into the lower parts, what we are to discharge by
excrement. There begins the intestine jejunum, not much folded: this
name is given to it, because it never retains what it has received; but
immediately transmits it into the lower parts. Next to this, is the
smaller intestine, very much folded into sinuses: each of whose rings
are by small membranes connected with the more internal, which being
turned toward the right side, and ending at the right hip, yet fill
more the superior parts. Then this intestine is joined with another
thicker, and running across; which beginning on the right side, towards
the left is open and long; to the right is not so; and therefore it
is called cæcum. But that, which is open, is of large compass and
sinuous, and less nervous than the former intestines, on both sides
rolled different ways, but occupying more of the left and lower parts,
it touches the liver and stomach: then it is joined with some small
membranes, that come from the right kidney; and there turning to the
right, it is directed downward, where it discharges the excrements: and
therefore at that place it takes the name of the intestinum rectum.
All these parts are covered by the omentum, which on the lower part
is smooth and contracted, and on the upper softer. Fat also grows to
it, which like the brain and marrow is insensible. From each kidney
proceeds a tube of a white colour to the bladder; the Greeks call them
ureteres[BZ], because by them they believe the urine to be distilled
into the bladder. The bladder in its sinus is nervous and double; in
the neck full and fleshy, and joined by veins to the intestine and
to that bone, which is under the pubes: itself is loose, and more at
liberty. It is differently placed in men and in women: for in men it
is close to the intestine rectum, rather inclined to the left side: in
women it is situated above their genital parts, and as it hangs, is
sustained by the womb. Then in men the passage of the urine is extended
longer and narrower from its neck to the penis: in women it is shorter,
and wider, and shows itself above the neck of the womb. Now the womb in
virgins is very small: in women, when not pregnant, not much larger,
than to be held in the hand. It begins with a straight and small neck,
which is called the vagina[CA], in a line with the middle of the belly,
then is turned a little to the right hip; then mounting above the
intestine rectum, its sides are connected to the ilia of the woman. The
ilia are situated betwixt the hips and pubes in the lower belly. From
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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